Impacto do uso de fraldas descartáveis no paciente hospitalizado: estudo de análise de sobrevivência

Abstract

Technological progress in health has allowed to develop material resources such as the disposable diaper in order to facilitate and improve the working conditions of nursing professionals and also to support the quality of care and patient comfort. Nevertheless, the scientific evidences of the use of this device did not follow the technological developments in the same pace, which can be observed by the absence of studies on nursing care to adult hospitalized patients who use disposable diapers. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the usage of disposable diapers in the hospitalized adult patient by the method of survival analysis. The sample consisted of 183 patients, users of disposable diaper during hospitalization, admitted through the urgency and emergency services of a Teaching Hospital, reference in services of high-complexity care in the city of Sao Paulo, in the period from March to May, 2014. The patients were characterized by being male (62.3%), married (30.1%), with mean age of 54.0 years, and outpatients. There was a predominance on traumatic, cardiovascular and digestive tract conditions. The average time of disposable diaper usage was 10.6 days, the first thirty days being critical to the development of urinary tract infections and skin disorders related to the period of the diaper usage. In the studied sample, there was a 14.2% incidence of skin lesions related to diaper usage, and a 10.9% incidence of urinary tract infections. The covariate gender was strongly associated in the development of urinary tract infection, with p< 0.5; the other covariates for urinary tract infection, as well as gender and covariates for the skin lesions related to diaper usage were described using descriptive statistics since they did not present relevant association. In Brazil, this research stands out as being pioneer in characterizing adult disposable diaper user population, identifying relevant aspects to nursing care required for a quality service, and also pointing the critical period for the prevention of urinary tract infection and skin lesions related to the use of this device, to which surveillance actions should be concentrated.Keywords: Nursing; nursing care; dermatitis; urinary tract infections; adult diapers. Los avances tecnológicos en la salud han permitido el desarrollo de los recursos materiales, como el pañal desechable con el fin de facilitar y mejorar las condiciones de trabajo de los profesionales de enfermería y también para apoyar la calidad de la atención y la comodidad del paciente. Sin embargo, las evidencias científicas de la utilización de este dispositivo no han seguido los desarrollos tecnológicos en el mismo ritmo, lo que se puede ser observado por la ausencia de estudios sobre los cuidados de enfermería a pacientes adultos hospitalizados que usan pañales desechables. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el impacto del uso de pañales desechables en el paciente adulto hospitalizado por el método de análisis de supervivencia. La muestra fue compuesta por 183 pacientes, ...