Impact testing of structural biological materials

Lee, Stephen; Novitskaya, Ekaterina; Reynante, Brandon; Vasquez, Joshua; Urbaniak, Robert; Takahashi, T.; Woolley, Evan; Tombolato, Luca; Chen, Po‐Yu; McKittrick, Joanna

doi:10.1016/j.msec.2010.10.017

Cited by 50 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The predictable delamination response in this study is in direct contrast to that found when bone is subject to lower velocity, and therefore lower-energy impacts. Lee et al (60) dropped a 1.2 kg weight from different heights on to various materials including bovine bone and a synthetic composite and found that the biological materials did not behave in a predictable fashion, with the same damage mechanisms occurring at different impact energies. Unfortunately, these authors analyze delamination in two dimensions only, ignoring depth; their study thus cannot be used to determine the relationship between impact force and the extent of delamination through the thickness of the laminate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Gunshot Defects to Bone: An Underutilized Source of Information on Ballistic Trauma

Rickman

Smith

2014

Journal of Forensic Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent years have seen increasing involvement by forensic anthropologists in the interpretation of skeletal trauma. With regard to ballistic injuries, there is now a large literature detailing gross features of such trauma; however, less attention has been given to microscopic characteristics. This article presents analysis of experimentally induced gunshot trauma in animal bone (Bos taurus scapulae) using full metal jacket (FMJ), soft point (SP), and captive bolt projectiles. The results were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additional analysis was conducted on a purported parietal gunshot lesion in a human cranial specimen. A range of features was observed in these samples suggesting that fibrolamellar bone response to projectile impact is analogous to that observed in synthetic composite laminates. The results indicate that direction of bullet travel can be discerned microscopically even when it is ambiguous on gross examination. It was also possible to distinguish SP from FMJ lesions. SEM analysis is therefore recommended as a previously underexploited tool in the analysis of ballistic trauma.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Gunshot Defects to Bone: An Underutilized Source of Information on Ballistic Trauma

Rickman

Smith

2014

Journal of Forensic Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There is ample evidence that the mechanical properties of biological materials are sensitive to hydration, which tends to decrease hardness and modulus, but increase toughness (e. g. 3,22,35,60,71,[106][107][108][109]. It is convenient to define the sensitivity to hydration, S H , as the relative change in indentation hardness/modulus upon dehydration, S H,H I = (H I, d − H I, w )/H I, w and S H,E I = (E I, d − E I, w )/E I, w , where the indices w and d indicate data from hydrated ('wet') and dehydrated ('dry') materials, respectively.…”

Section: The Effect Of Hydration On Indentation Hardness and Modulusmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the relationship between indenation hardness and modulus, and the damage resistance of biological materials

Labonte

Lenz

Oyen

2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The remarkable mechanical performance of biological materials is based on intricate structure-function relationships. Nanoindentation has become the primary tool for characterising biological materials, as it allows to relate structural changes to variations in mechanical properties on small scales. However, the respective theoretical background and associated interpretation of the parameters measured via indentation derives largely from research on 'traditional' engineering materials such as metals or ceramics. Here, we discuss the functional relevance of indentation hardness in biological materials by presenting a meta-analysis of its relationship with indentation modulus. Across seven orders of magnitude, indentation hardness was directly proportional to indentation modulus, illustrating that hardness is not an independent material property. Using a lumped parameter model to deconvolute indentation hardness into components arising from reversible and irreversible deformation, we establish criteria which allow to interpret differences in indentation hardness across or within biological materials. The ratio between hardness and modulus arises as a key parameter, which is a proxy for the ratio between irreversible and reversible deformation during indentation, and the material's yield strength. Indentation hardness generally increases upon material dehydration, however to a larger extend than expected from accompanying changes in indentation modulus, indicating that water acts as a 'plasticiser'. A detailed discussion of the role of indentation hardness, modulus and toughness in damage control during sharp or blunt indentation yields comprehensive guidelines for a performance-based ranking of biological materials, and suggests that quasi-plastic deformation is a frequent yet poorly understood damage mode, highlighting an important area of future research.

show abstract

“…The microstructure and mechanical properties of the armadillo carapace have recently been investigated by several groups. [33][34][35] …”

Section: Armadillo Osteodermmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a better understanding of mineral microstructure in bony tissues

Chen

Novitskaya

López

et al. 2014

Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bone is a multifunctional composite of type-I collagen fibrils and mineral crystallites organized into a complex hierarchical structure. Microstructural features of the mineral constituents in selected bony tissues, including bovine femur and armadillo and turtle osteoderms were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy before and after complete deproteinization. Minerals in the three types of bony tissues retained structural integrity after completely removing protein constituents and showed similar structural features at the nanoscale. High-resolution scanning electron microscopic images showed minerals formed fibril-like structures, aligned in a coherent manner along the orientation of collagen fibrils with a 67-nm periodicity. Organized porous structures at varying hierarchical levels were well preserved after complete deproteinization. The authors demonstrate that bone architecture, from the nano-to macro-scale can be better visualized and analyzed after deproteinization. A bony tissue with unique microstructure is reported for the armadillo osteoderm. This comparative study provides better understanding of the structure of the mineral constituents in bony tissues that could further lead to novel design of bioinspired composites.

show abstract

Impact testing of structural biological materials

Cited by 50 publications

References 20 publications

Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Gunshot Defects to Bone: An Underutilized Source of Information on Ballistic Trauma

Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Gunshot Defects to Bone: An Underutilized Source of Information on Ballistic Trauma

On the relationship between indenation hardness and modulus, and the damage resistance of biological materials

Toward a better understanding of mineral microstructure in bony tissues

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About