Impact studies of five ceramic materials and pyrex

Abstract

Abstract. We measured the ballistic performance offive ceramic materials (alumina, silicon carbide, boron carbide, aluminum nitride, and titanium diboride) and Pyrex, when they are backed by thick steel plates. The projectile for all tests was a rightcircular cylinder of tungsten sinter-alloy W2 with length 25.4 mm and diameter 6.35 mm,j%ed at velocitiesfrom 2.35 to 2.65 km/s. For this threat we determined the minimum area1 density of each material that is needed to keep the projectilefrom penetrating the backup steel. For all of the facing materials studied here, this performance measure increases approximately linearly with projectile velocity. However, the rate of increase is significantly lower for aluminum nitride than for the other materials studied. Indeed, aluminum nitride is a poor performer at the lowest velocity tested, but is clearly the best at the highest velocity. Our computer simulations show the significant influence of the backing material on ceramic performance, manifested by a transition region extending two projectile diameters upstreamfrom the material interface. Experiments with multiple material layers show that this inJuence also manifests itself through a significant dependence of ballistic performance on the ordering of the material layers.

On the Failure and Dynamic Performance of Materials

“…Each process investigated must respond to a step rise for its relaxation time and reach a threshold for triggering before its effects can be observed. The impulse required to track and describe Red points indicate the metal and alumina targets discussed earlier [21,22]. Thicknesses refer to ceramic plates on 4340 semi-infinite backing these mechanisms is the shock which must be maintained until the characteristic time for the process has been exceeded.…”

“…A series of such experiments has been conducted and results have been collated here to test this behaviour. This data is analysed here to assess the correlation between failed strength and DoP [21,22]. Further, the failed strengths of a range of ceramics corresponding to these ballistic experiments have been conducted and are documented elsewhere [6].…”

Effect of Ceramic Properties and Depth-of-penetration Test Parameters on the Ballistic Performance of Armour Ceramics

“…To further improve the ballistic performance of armour ceramic now has become one of the focuses in ceramic composite armour systems 5,6 . The parameters possibly having an influence on the ballistic performance of armour ceramics include geometry, size and backing material as well as the shape, size and velocity of projectiles [7][8][9][10][11] . In addition, the ballistic performance of different armour ceramic may vary in a wide range according to their manufacturing processes and the depth of penetration (DOP) test conditions 7,[12][13][14] .…”

Modeling and Simulation of Ballistic Penetration of Ceramic-Polymer-Metal Layered Systems

“…Prior to description of the specific problem investigated here and in [1], an overview of literature on the subject is warranted. Other experiments of ballistic impact and penetration of ceramic targets with various interlayers and/or backing materials include those described in [2][3][4][5]. Analytical models used to describe and/or predict ballistic penetration and possible perforation of such systems include those presented in [6][7][8].…”