Impact Strength and Thermal Degradation of Waste Polypropylene (wPP)/Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) Composites: Effect of Maleic Anhydride -g-polypropylene (MAPP) Addition

Nasution, Harmein; Pandia, Setiaty; Maulida,; Sinaga, Mersi Suriani

doi:10.1016/j.proche.2015.12.075

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In the meantime, Nasution et al, (2015) successfully characterized the impact strength based on maleic anhydride polypropylene-gpolypropylene (MAPP). As a result, the impact strength achieved 34000 J/m 2 for the content of 8% of the MAPP [3].…”

Section: The Opefb Polymer Reinforced Composites Potential For Energymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Along with the trend that used of PP's plastic packaging beverage increased, the huge waste of plastic waste generated also growing. Therefore, the wastes of PP's plastic (wPP) are derived with EFB to form a composite material [3]. However, some modifications had been made to lower the interfacial tension between the matrix and EFB fibre filler.…”

Section: The Previous Multidisciplinary Opefb Polymer Reinforced Compmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 is a potential natural fibre to be explored. Recent studies conducted investigate the OPEFB reinforced polymer composite found to yield even better in characteristics [1], [3]- [7]. OPEFB is categorized as a palm oil industry waste which is generated from the oil extraction mills process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An overview of the Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) potential as reinforcing fibre in polymer composite for energy absorption applications

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) natural fibres were comprehensively reviewed to assess their potential as reinforcing materials in polymer composites for energy absorption during low-velocity impact. The typical oil palm wastes include trunks, fronds, kernel shells, and empty fruit bunches. This has a tendency to burden the industry players with disposal difficulties and escalates the operating cost. Thus, there are several initiatives have been employed to convert these wastes into value added products. The objective of this study is to review the potential of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) as natural fibre polymer composite reinforcement to absorb the energy during low-velocity impact as another option for value added products. Initially, this paper reviewed the local oil palm waste issues. Previous research works on OPEFB polymer composite, and their mechanical characterization is appraised. Their potential for energy absorption in low-velocity impact application was also elaborated. The review suggests high potential applications of OPEFB as reinforcing materials in composite structures. Furthermore, it is wisely to utilize the oil palm biomass waste into a beneficial composite, hence, promotes the green environment.

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Section: The Opefb Polymer Reinforced Composites Potential For Energymentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: The Previous Multidisciplinary Opefb Polymer Reinforced Compmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An overview of the Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) potential as reinforcing fibre in polymer composite for energy absorption applications

et al. 2016

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“…In particular, when using MAPP, composites including lignocellulosic agricultural waste, such as sunflower husk, offered a much more effective interfacial adhesion with the matrix, resulting in improved hardness and notched impact strength to the composite [ 9 ]. Significant effects were also observed on the modification of thermal degradation profile of the polymer via filling it with by-products, such as oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), in which case a polypropylene waste matrix was selected [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical, Thermal and Mechanical Characterization of Licorice Root, Willow, Holm Oak, and Palm Leaf Waste Incorporated into Maleated Polypropylene (MAPP)

Gabrielli

Caviglia²,

Pastore³

et al. 2022

Polymers

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The effect of four lignocellulosic waste fillers on the thermal and mechanical properties of biocomposites was investigated. Powdered licorice root, palm leaf, holm oak and willow fillers were melt compounded with polypropylene at two different weight contents, i.e., 10 and 30, and then injection molded. A commercially available maleated coupling agent was used to improve the filler/matrix interfacial adhesion at 5 wt.%. Composites were subjected to chemical (FTIR-ATR), thermal (TGA, DSC, DMA) and mechanical (tensile, bending and Charpy impact) analyses coupled with a morphological investigation by scanning electron microscopy. Although similarities among the different formulations were noted, holm oak fillers provided the best combination of thermal and mechanical performance. In particular, at 30 wt.% content with coupling agent, this composite formulation displayed remarkable increases in tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength and modulus, of 28% and 110%, 58% and 111%, compared to neat PP, respectively. The results imply that all these lignocellulosic waste fillers can be used successfully as raw materials for biocomposites, with properties comparable to those featured by other natural fillers.

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“…With the abundance of OPEFB waste available, its utilization could lead to more economical production compared with the use of synthetic fibres provided that comparable performance in energy absorption capability is achieved. Several works [11,12,[15][16][17][18] have shown that OPEFB fibre has great potential energy absorption capability. The incorporation of oil palm fibre as reinforcement for plastic bumper fascia material is proposed with the aim of enhancing the crash performance of the bumper fascia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crash behaviour of unidirectional oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre-reinforced polypropylene composite car bumper fascias using finite element analysis

Wong¹,

Hassan²,

Pei³

et al. 2021

Funct. Compos. Struct.

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The number of road accidents has increased annually over the last 20 years, and this is a matter of considerable concern. Automobile safety systems must therefore be carefully evaluated to ensure they are able to serve their purpose in protecting passengers. One of these safety systems is the car bumper system. The bumper system plays a vital role, especially in protection against frontal impact. In this study, using finite element analysis employing LS-DYNA software, we analyse the crash behaviour of bumper fascias made of unidirectional oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibre-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites. The incorporation of OPEFB fibres into the bumper part stems from the growth of environmental concerns and is in line with national sustainable development goals. In this analysis, the composite bumper was subjected to a frontal low impact speed of 4 km h−1 in accordance with Part 581 of the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard regulations enforced by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration for low-velocity impacts. Comparative study was made with existing bumper materials, namely steel, aluminium alloy and PP. The effect of fibre orientation and fibre content of the composite on the crash performance of the bumper was also investigated. The fibre orientation was varied between vertical, 45° and horizontal directions while fibre content varied between 25%, 35%, 45% and 55%. Our results show that the composite bumper fascia has comparable specific energy absorption to existing bumper materials. An increase in the fibre content of the composite results in an increase in the energy absorption ability, while fibre orientation made no significant difference to the impact performance.

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Impact Strength and Thermal Degradation of Waste Polypropylene (wPP)/Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) Composites: Effect of Maleic Anhydride -g-polypropylene (MAPP) Addition

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

An overview of the Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) potential as reinforcing fibre in polymer composite for energy absorption applications

An overview of the Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) potential as reinforcing fibre in polymer composite for energy absorption applications

Chemical, Thermal and Mechanical Characterization of Licorice Root, Willow, Holm Oak, and Palm Leaf Waste Incorporated into Maleated Polypropylene (MAPP)

Crash behaviour of unidirectional oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre-reinforced polypropylene composite car bumper fascias using finite element analysis

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