Impact response of composite laminates based on epoxy and glass fibre

Nassir, Nassier A.; Gharkan, Mohammed R.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.229

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, damage assessment can be based on another failure criterion, if warranted by the problem at hand. For the Composite, Epoxy glass fiber and Plastic, ABS high impact; specific damage criteria have been suggested; Hashin failure criteria [38] was proposed for Epoxy glass fiber composite; it states that the material is deemed damaged if exposed to 12 J impact energy. This value corresponds to a speed of 4.7 km/h, as shown in Table 2.…”

Section: Alternative Body Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Modelling of Docking Autonomous PODs in Tandem Configuration

Al-Habahbeh¹,

Al-Adwan²

2022

MMEP

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An adaptable transportation concept is proposed; comprising a fleet of autonomous PODs that can merge and separate based on passengers’ demand. The purpose is to match the number of seats with the number of passengers, thereby reducing vehicle size and energy consumption. It enables passengers’ in-person communication and simultaneous arrival. Since each POD has its own motor, if full power is not needed, one of the motors can be turned-off to save energy. The merging process is investigated so as to find the safe docking speeds when two PODs merge in tandem configuration. If the docking is not done at the right speed, it may cause damage to the vehicle, or else be inefficiently slow. The PODs are represented by finite element models, which are simulated to determine the safe merging speeds. The speeds are determined for different docking scenarios and POD materials; ranging from 1.4-16 km/h. The safe speeds depend on the type of material and adopted damage criterion; Nonmetallic materials showed higher tolerance than metallic materials in response to docking impact. As a recommendation for future work, other materials and configurations can be investigated, and the effect of the proposed system on traffic conditions can be evaluated.

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Section: Alternative Body Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Modelling of Docking Autonomous PODs in Tandem Configuration

Al-Habahbeh¹,

Al-Adwan²

2022

MMEP

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“…Studies on carbon fibers [18][19][20] suggest that they are high-performance fibers but are susceptible to impact damage due to their brittle nature. On the other hand, studies related to glass fibers [21][22][23] suggest that glass fibers have better toughness with a compromise in other mechanical properties. Researchers have also studied hybrid composite materials to mitigate the effect of impact damage on the compression-after-impact strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of graphene nano-platelets on the low-velocity-impact and compression-after-impact strength of the glass fiber epoxy composite laminates

Anuse,

Velmurugan

et al. 2024

Journal of Composite Materials

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Detecting the low-velocity impact damage on the FRP composite structures can be challenging because the visible signs on the surface may be subtle. Mitigating the effects of BVID (Barely Visible Impact Damage) is crucial in ensuring the safety and reliability of composite components, especially in industries where these materials are commonly used, such as aerospace and automotive. This article explores the experimental investigations of the impact and post-impact damage propagation under compression in the Graphene Nano-Platelets (GNPs) infused glass fiber epoxy composite laminates. A comparative study of varying the percentage of the nano-platelets (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75%) in the matrix material of the composite laminate is presented. The impact tests at low energies (15 J, 20 J, and 25 J), followed by the quasi-static compression tests, are carried out as per the procedures mentioned in the ASTM D7136/D7137. The digital image correlation technique (DIC) is used to measure strains and plot the strain field on the impacted face of the specimen under compression. Damage envelopes of the impact and compression tests are studied using X-ray CT scans. Micro-level failures are observed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to get better insights into the failure mechanism of the composite materials under impact and compression loadings. Upon completing the study, it is found that the addition of the GNP into the matrix materials not only increased the impact performance but also increased the load-carrying capacity of the laminate under compressive loading. A decrement of 2–21% in the energy absorbed in the damage formation is seen with the incorporation of GNPs into composite materials. A maximum increment of 17% in the compressive strength is observed for the composite laminates with the 0.75% GNPs. However, for a particular percentage of the GNP, the compressive strength of the laminate is reduced with an increase in impact energy compared with its virgin counterpart. From X-ray CT scans, it is seen that the laminate under the compression tests fails due to excessive ply-splitting and the delamination at the damage site created during the impact. Fiber breakage, fiber brooming, matrix cracking, fiber-matrix debonding, etc., are some of the other failure modes observed in SEM studies.

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“…Studies related to glass fibers suggest that they have better toughness than carbon fibers, but they have a compromise in other mechanical properties such as stiffness and strength. Carbon fibers are widely used in high-performance applications where high strength and stiffness are critical, but their susceptibility to impact damage can limit their use in certain applications [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Studies have shown that hybrid composite materials can exhibit enhanced impact resistance and CAI strength compared to their single-fiber counterparts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LVI and CAI Analysis of Woven Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Laminates with Different Stacking Sequence

Anuse,

Shankar,

Velmurugan

et al. 2023

KEM

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The study investigates LVI testing on woven carbon fiber-reinforced composite laminates at three different energy levels and assesses the specimens for their compressive strengths. X-ray CT scans are used to study the damaged envelopes, which allows better insights into the damage progression and failure mechanisms of the composite. The study investigates how post-impact damage propagation is influenced by alterations in impact energy and stacking orientation. The findings demonstrated that several variables, such as the characteristics of the constituent materials, the stacking order, laminate thickness, and ply orientations, had an impact on the CAI strength of the composite laminate. These findings highlight the importance of considering multiple factors when designing composite materials that can withstand impact loading and maintain their structural integrity. Even in specimens showing barely perceptible surface damage, a considerable drop in compressive strength is seen after the LVI testing. When specimens are struck with 25 J of energy, the compressive strength reduction reached a maximum value of 15.68%. In CAI testing, it is typical for sub-laminates to buckle near the impact-induced damage zone, resulting in failure. The magnitude of impact damage area can significantly affect the CAI strength, as the damaged area may create a stress concentration that can lead to buckling or other types of failure. Therefore, it is important to consider the impact energy and damage size when evaluating the CAI strength of composite materials.

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Impact response of composite laminates based on epoxy and glass fibre

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Dynamic Modelling of Docking Autonomous PODs in Tandem Configuration

Dynamic Modelling of Docking Autonomous PODs in Tandem Configuration

Effect of graphene nano-platelets on the low-velocity-impact and compression-after-impact strength of the glass fiber epoxy composite laminates

LVI and CAI Analysis of Woven Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Laminates with Different Stacking Sequence

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