Impact performance of phenolic composites following thermal exposure

Kuzak, Stephen G.; Hiltz, John A.; Waitkus, Phillip A.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19980110)67:2<349::aid-app16>3.0.co;2-t

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…The change in the voltage was recorded with a digital voltmeter, which was online to the personal computer. The power output to the samples was adjusted according to the nature of the sample material and was, in most cases, in the range of 6 × 10 −6 to 16 × 10 −6 W/m 2…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of the thermal transport properties of polymeric materials are important because of the crucial role played by these properties in both processing stages and product uses 1. The matrix resins for composites are used in structural applications2 and are widely used as industrial materials because of their good heat resistance, electrical insulation, dimensional stability, and flame and chemical resistance 3–8. Several reports9–12 have indicated that the incorporation of natural fibers into thermoset matrices improves the mechanical and thermal transport properties of the composites remarkably.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of treated oil‐palm‐fiber‐reinforced phenolformaldehyde composites

Saxena

Sreekala

Thomas

2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The effective thermal conductivity ( e ) and effective thermal diffusivity ( e ) of oil-palm-fiber-reinforced treated composites were measured simultaneously with the transient plane source technique from 50 to 110°C. The fibers of the composites were treated with sodium hydroxide alkali, silanol, and acetic acid. The experimental results for the different treated composites showed that there were variations in e and e over this temperature range. However, the maximum values of e and e were observed at 90°C, in the vicinity of the glass-transition temperatures of these composites. An effort was also made to predict the temperature dependence of e and e through the development of an empirical model. The theoretically predicted values of e and e for these composites were in excellent agreement with the experimental results over the entire range of investigated temperatures. Sudden increases in e and e in the glass-transition region of these composites were indicative of the fact that the crosslinking density decreased and was at a minimum at the temperature at which e and e showed their maxima.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of treated oil‐palm‐fiber‐reinforced phenolformaldehyde composites

Saxena

Sreekala

Thomas

2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The Blend was prepared by using the resol to cure the novolac instead of using a crosslinking agent such as HMTA, the ortho and para hydroxyl groups of the novolac are active with respect to the methylol groups of the resol. Crosslinking at these sites leads to the cure of the Blend [7]. When HMTA is used, the Blend1 and linear novolac prepolymers are tightly crosslinked into a highly developed network, so the tan peak of Blend1 become a single peak from two peaks of the Blend.…”

Section: Mechanical and High-temperature Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and High-Temperature Properties of Glass Fibers Reinforced Phenolic Composites

Zhou

Fan²

2008

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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This article discusses the mechanical and high-temperature performances of four glass fibers reinforced phenolic resins composites, which were a pure resol resin (no curing agent, named Resol), a pure novolac resin (cured with 10% hexamethylenetetramine, HMTA, named Novolac), a blend resin (50% resol and 50% novolac, named Blend), another blend resin (47.5% resol, 47.5% novolac, and 5% HMTA, named Blend1). Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used to investigate the curing properties of the materials, while fiber-matrix adhesion and wetting characteristics were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Blend and Blend1 composites had more loosely crosslinked structures compared with the pure Resol or Novolac composite. Moreover, the Blend, Blend1 and Resol composites had better adhesion and wetting properties with glass fibers than those of the Novolac composite, so the Blend and Blend 1 resins were prepared to obtain phenolic composites with improved impact and flexural strength, without degeneration of their high-temperature performance. On comparing the Blend1 composite held higher crosslink density and more regular crosslink structure than those of the Blend composite, which resulted in the Blend1 composite had better mechanical and high-temperature performances. It was also found that the crosslink density and the interfacial bonds between the fibers and the resin matrix of the materials could be increased by postcure, which produced an increase in their mechanical and high-temperature properties.

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“…The decline in the properties of the phenolic composite upon thermal ageing is due to the breakdown of the bonds at the fibre-matrix interface. The unnotched and notched izod impact performance of phenolic composites following thermal exposure was studied in detail by Kuzak et al [22]. They observed that the impact performance of the S-glass (Strength-glass) reinforced phenolic composite declined when exposed to 300 • C temperature.…”

Section: Ageing Effects On the Impact Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental effects in oil palm fiber reinforced phenol formaldehyde composites: Studies on thermal, biological, moisture and high energy radiation effects

Sreekala¹,

Kumaran²,

Geethakumariamma³

et al. 2004

Advanced Composite Materials

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Accelerated weathering studies of untreated and treated oil palm fiber reinforced phenol formaldehyde composites and oil palm/glass hybrid fiber reinforced phenol formaldehyde composites were conducted. Thermal, water, biological and γ radiation effects on the composite properties were analysed. Mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural and impact properties of thermal and water aged samples were investigated. The extent of biodegradation and γ irradiation effects was estimated from variations in tensile and impact properties. The tensile and impact fracture mechanism and changes in fiber-matrix adhesion were studied using scanning electron microscopic analysis. The changes in the tensile and flexural stress-strain characteristics as well as deformation behaviour of aged composites are well explained by respective stress-strain curves. Mechanical performance of the composites decreased upon thermal ageing. Marked decrease in these properties of the composites is observed upon radiation ageing. However water immersion leads to an increase in strength properties in some treated composites such as on acetylation, silane, acrylonitrile grafting, isocyanate, permanganate treatment, alkali treatment etc. It is found that oil palm fiber increases the biodegradability of the composites.

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Impact performance of phenolic composites following thermal exposure

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of treated oil‐palm‐fiber‐reinforced phenolformaldehyde composites

Temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of treated oil‐palm‐fiber‐reinforced phenolformaldehyde composites

Mechanical and High-Temperature Properties of Glass Fibers Reinforced Phenolic Composites

Environmental effects in oil palm fiber reinforced phenol formaldehyde composites: Studies on thermal, biological, moisture and high energy radiation effects

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