Impact performance of phenolic composites following thermal exposure

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The notched and unnotched Izod impact properties of a series of phenolicglass composites following thermal exposure at 180ЊC, 300ЊC, and 800ЊC have been investigated. Four phenolic resins; a resol, a novolac, a resol/novolac blend, and a furan-novolac/resol copolymer were used to prepare the composites. The notched and unnotched impact properties of all S-glass composites improved following thermal exposure at 180ЊC for times up to 28 days. The best results at 180ЊC were obtained for the copolymer-based composite. However, thermal exposure at 300ЊC for times greater than 1 day led to significant reduction in the performance of this composite. The best retention of impact properties folowing exposure at 300ЊC and 800ЊC was found for the composite made with the resol/novolac blend. The results indicate that the impact properties of phenolic composites made with modified resins, that is, a blended resol/ novolac or a furan-novolac/resol copolymer resin, improve significantly.

Chemical, Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Glassy Polymeric Carbon

“…GPC is a unique material, relatively chemically inert (at room temperature), and biocompatible [1]. Some desirable properties of this material are low density (1 g/cm 3 ), low thermal conductivity (0.238-1.428 W/mK), low thermal expansion coefficient (10 -8 K -1 ), high critical oxygen index (difficult to ignite and maintain a burning condition) [6]. A vast amount of literature [1][2][3][4][5] is available in regard with the use of heat-treated phenolic resin and its applications in construction industry for coatings, adhesives, polymer flame-retardants, and composites.…”

Phenolic Thermoset Matrix Reinforced with Sugar Cane Bagasse Fibers: Attempt to Develop a New Fiber Surface Chemical Modification Involving Formation of Quinones Followed by Reaction with Furfuryl Alcohol

“…Phenolic resins are very used in plastic and automotive industries and due to their versatile properties, their applications in the aerospace industry is growing. They have a lower cost compared with many other high performance resins like PEEK (poly(ether ether ketone)), which make this material more attractive for applications in large scales 5. Phenolic resins present superior fire resistance compared to other thermosetting polymers such as polyesters and epoxies.…”

Nanostructured phenolic matrices: Effect of different nanofillers on the thermal degradation properties and reaction to fire of a resol

“…Phenolics are among the most common matrices used for the production of composite materials used as a rigid thermal protection system, ie, the structures used to protect probes and space vehicles from the heat due to the friction forces generated during the re‐entry flight through a planetary atmosphere . If compared to other thermosetting matrices, phenolics are characterized by a chemical structure rich in aromatic rings and exhibit a high crosslink density that make them suitable for providing high thermal and dimensional stability, high thermal insulation properties, and a high char yield . Moreover, as compared to other high char retention resins, such as cyanate‐esters, they are generally cheaper and more simple to use: Moreover, they are typically characterized by a lower viscosity making them suitable for the impregnation of fiber fabrics .…”

“…[2][3][4] If compared to other thermosetting matrices, phenolics are characterized by a chemical structure rich in aromatic rings and exhibit a high crosslink density that make them suitable for providing high thermal and dimensional stability, high thermal insulation properties, and a high char yield. 5,6 Moreover, as compared to other high char retention resins, such as cyanate-esters, 7,8 they are generally cheaper and more simple to use: Moreover, they are typically characterized by a lower viscosity making them suitable for the impregnation of fiber fabrics. 9 To improve the response of phenolics in thermal stability and fire retardancy and enhance their fire and oxidation resistance, many attempts were done [10][11][12] : In fact, at high temperatures and in the presence of an oxidizing environment, the charred residue, mainly constituted by amorphous carbon, can be oxidized in carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide 13 reducing its protective effect.…”