Impact pathways of small-scale energy projects in the global south – Findings from a systematic evaluation

Using Actor-Based Theories of Change to Conduct Robust Evaluation in Complex Settings

“…As noted, ToCs are used in many theory-based evaluation approaches, such as realist evaluation and contribution analysis. Contribution analysis (CA) (Mayne, 2001(Mayne, , 2009(Mayne, , 2011(Mayne, , 2012a) is increasingly being used in evaluations of interventions in order to address the perennial challenge of "dealing with causality, " particularly in complex systems where changes in outcomes are the result of a number of factors in addition to the intervention-that is, situations where there are several factors acting together to bring about change, with each factor being a contributory cause and none being sufficient on its own to bring about the desired change (Mayne, 2012a; see also Buckley, 2016;Buregeya, Brousselle, Nour, & Loignon, 2017;Delahais & Toulemonde, 2017;Downes, Novicki, & Howard, 2018;Kane, Levine, Orians, & Reinelt, 2017;Mayne, 2012b;Noltze, Gaisbauer, Schwedersky, & Krapp, 2014;Terrapon-Pfaff, Gröne, Dienst, & Ortiz, 2018;and Ton, 2017. The aim is to make credible causal claims about the contribution an intervention is making to observed results. CA argues that if one can verify or confirm a theory of change with empirical evidence, 1 then it is reasonable to conclude that the intervention in question has made a difference.…”

Reviewing the Situation and Prospects for Developing Small Renewable Energy Systems in Poland

“…Renewable energy sources are an alternative to fossil fuels, and can contribute to the reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases [56,114,115]. It is expected that 40% of the energy consumed in the European Union will originate from renewable sources by the year 2030 [116][117][118].…”

Towards people-private-public partnerships: An integrated community engagement model for capturing energy access needs

“…Bowen et al distinguish between transactional, transitional and transformational community engagement, pointing towards the long-term nature of both transformational engagement types and their payoffs for companies [52]. Networks of partnerships between companies, communities and local governments for instance might be required to support extended engagement with communities to provide lessons for the adaptation or replication of projects for other settings and the translation of these lessons into regional and national policies [53]. Models of long-term partnership between communities and companies for renewable energy projects have received increasing attention particularly in high-income countries.…”