Impact on the head during collisions between university American football players - focusing on the number of head impacts and linear head acceleration -

Fukuda, Takashi; Koike, Sekiya; Miyakawa, Syumpei; Fujiya, Hiroto; Yamamoto, Yuki

doi:10.7600/jpfsm.6.241

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…We measured the head impact kinematics such as the number of head impacts, maximum head linear acceleration (LA), and maximum head angular acceleration (AA) using Vector Mouthguard (i1 Biometrics Inc, WA, USA; Fig. 1), using a modified measurement method of the one used by Fukuda et al 12) . It was equipped with 6DOF (a three-axis acceleration sensor and a three-axis gyroscope), the sampling frequency of the three-axis acceleration sensor (ADXL377, Analog Devices, ) was 1024 Hz, and it can measure LA up to 200 G. The sampling rate of the three-axis gyroscope (L3GD20H, SH Microelectronics) was 760 Hz, and it can measure AA up to 2000 deg/s 2 (34.9 rad/s 2 ).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study from Japan, the total number of head impacts recorded for 3 games and 22 practices was 8,316, and the median total number of head impacts per person was 40.5 during games and 282 during practice. The average maximum head linear acceleration (LA) per one head impact was reported to be 20.8 ± 12.1 G during games and 19.0 ± 10.1 G during practice 12) . Interestingly, the number of head impacts per person per practice session in Japan was more than double compared to data from the U.S.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of repeated head impacts on amount of cervical vertebral translation among collegiate American football players

Umeoka

Nishida

Fukuda

2023

JPFSM

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American football is associated with a high risk of cervical injuries. In order to prevent these injuries, head acceleration during head impacts is currently being studied, but no studies have examined the effects on the neck. We aimed to examine the effects of head impact kinematics (the number of head impacts, maximum head linear acceleration [LA], and maximum head angular acceleration [AA]) on cervical vertebral translation (VT) in collegiate American football players over a one-year period. Twenty-two players (5 linemen and 17 skill players) who belonged to T university in the Kantoh Collegiate American Football Association Division 2. We examined the relationship between the total number of head impact kinematics over a 1-year period and the amount of cervical vertebral translation as measured by a mouth guard with a 6-axis accelerometer. The total number of head impacts of subjects was 12,368. For skill players, the 4th cervical vertebral movement distance was significantly correlated with the maximum AA (r = 0.49, P = 0.04) and also with the maximum LA (r = 0.48, P = 0.05). In Japanese collegiate American football players, it was suggested that the repeated head impacts with large maximum LA and AA generated in the head affected the amount of the 4th cervical vertebral translation. In particular, skill players were affected, so they need to develop safer tackle skills even when tackling at high speed. This may result in a decrease in acceleration during head impact, leading to a decrease in the load on the cervical spine.

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Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of repeated head impacts on amount of cervical vertebral translation among collegiate American football players

Umeoka

Nishida

Fukuda

2023

JPFSM

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“…For example, offensive linemen have many frontal head collisions and running backs have the highest head LA and AA values 6,13,19) . For the first time in Japan, head impact kinematics -the number of head impacts and the average peak LA during collisions -of a Japanese university American football player using a 6DOF device was reported by us 22) . The number of collisions during practice in Japan was significantly higher than that in the USA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the 2000s, many US researchers collected real-time head acceleration data, including linear acceleration (LA) and angular acceleration (AA), during head collisions of American football players using acceleration sensors [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] . In 2009, a 6-axis sensor (6DOF) equipped with 3-axis acceleration sensors and 3-axis gyro sensors was developed, and the detailed analysis of AA and angular velocity (AV) acting on heads reported since then [7][8][9]21,22) . From these results, regarding head impact kinematics at different locations on the head, the following has been clarified in the US.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnitude and frequency of head impact among university American football players

Fukuda

Koike

Miyakawa

et al. 2019

JPFSM

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The purpose of this study was to analyze head impact kinematics at different locations of Japanese university American football players using a 6DOF (degrees of freedom) device. The subjects of this study were 43 players who belonged to T University in the Kanto Collegiate American Football Association second division. We used a Vector Mouthguard (i1 Biometrics Inc.) equipped with a 6DOF to measure the head LA (linear acceleration), AA (angular acceleration) and AV (angular velocity), as well as the number of head impacts during collisions, and evaluated 4 impact locations (front, side, back, and top) in detail. The total number of head impacts was 2,070 during games and 10,007 during practice sessions for a total of 7 games and 41 practices during fall regular seasons over a 2-year period. The most common head impact location was the front (43.5%), followed by the side (41.9%), top (10.9%), and back (3.7%). When classifying the total number of head impacts at these locations according to player position, skill players showed the highest proportion of side impacts (p < 0.05), whereas linemen showed the highest proportion of frontal impacts (p < 0.05) compared to the other locations. These results support previous studies conducted for university American football players in the United States. That is, the frequency and location of head impacts is greatly influenced by player position. Regarding the magnitude of head impact locations, the LA and AA values for back of the head impacts were the highest both at games and practice sessions. In addition, the AA value for impacts to the top of the head was much higher than the AA value for impacts to the front and side (p < 0.05). Also, there were significant positive correlations between peak LA and peak AA at all head impact locations for games and practice sessions based on player position (p < 0.05). Skill players showed significant positive correlations between peak AA and peak AV at all head impact locations in games (p < 0.05). In comparison, linemen showed significant positive correlations between peak AA and peak AV for frontal and side impacts for games and frontal, side, and top of head impacts in practice sessions (p < 0.05). As a result, it was clear that Japanese university American football players could not stabilize the head during collisions. In conclusion, it was found that the frequency of head impact locations in Japanese university American football players was the same as that in the USA. In head impact kinematics during collisions, Japanese university American football players showed different characteristics from their American counterparts. In the future, we should take into account neck muscular strength and motion analysis to better understand the influence of head impacts on Japanese university American football players.

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Head Impact Research Using Inertial Sensors in Sport: A Systematic Review of Methods, Demographics, and Factors Contributing to Exposure

2021

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Impact on the head during collisions between university American football players - focusing on the number of head impacts and linear head acceleration -

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Effect of repeated head impacts on amount of cervical vertebral translation among collegiate American football players

Effect of repeated head impacts on amount of cervical vertebral translation among collegiate American football players

Magnitude and frequency of head impact among university American football players

Head Impact Research Using Inertial Sensors in Sport: A Systematic Review of Methods, Demographics, and Factors Contributing to Exposure

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