Impact of zidovudine use on risk and risk factors for perinatal transmission of HIV

Simonds, R. J.; Steketee, Richard W.; Nesheim, Steven; Matheson, Pamela B.; Palumbo, Paul; Alger, Lindsay S.; Abrams, Elaine J.; Orloff, Sherry L.; Lindsay, Michael; Bardeguez, Arlene; Vink, Peter; Byers, Robert H.; Rogers, Martha F.

doi:10.1097/00002030-199803000-00008

Cited by 120 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Access to neonatal intensive care units in the United States ensures that perinatal morbidity is not significant for an infant born at у32 weeks of gestation to an HIV-negative woman. This is also valid for an infant delivered at the same gestational age to an HIVinfected woman; however, despite the lack of morbidity secondary to prematurity, preterm delivery itself may increase the risk of perinatal transmission 2-3-fold [13][14][15]. To our knowledge, this is the largest single-site study and the only large study reported to date that can account for both the completeness of its data and its management protocols and is representative of HIV-infected pregnant women in the United States; the study is relatively unique because of the autonomous management by a maternal-fetal medicine team.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Antiretroviral Therapy during Pregnancy Associated with an Increased Risk of Preterm Delivery, Low Birth Weight, or Stillbirth?

et al. 2006

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Background. Data on complications of pregnancy associated with antiretroviral therapy are limited. Some small studies have demonstrated an increased preterm delivery rate, but a recent retrospective United States multisite study did not concur with these findings. Our objective was to investigate whether antiretroviral therapy was associated with adverse pregnancy outcome at a single site.Methods. Using prospectively gathered data, women were identified who were determined to be human immunodeficiency virus positive before or during pregnancy who sought care at our prenatal clinic and who gave birth at the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Medical Center from 1990 through 2002. The outcome measures were preterm delivery, low birth weight, and stillbirth.Results. The cohort included 999 women who received antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy (monotherapy in 492, combination therapy without a protease inhibitor [PI] in 373, and combination therapy with a PI in 134) and 338 women who did not receive therapy. After adjustment for possible confounders, only combination therapy with a PI was associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery, compared with any other combination (odds ratio, 1.8 [95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.0]). There were no differences in rates of low birth weight and stillbirth, regardless of therapy.Conclusion. Compared with monotherapy and combination therapy without a PI, only combination therapy with a PI was associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Antiretroviral Therapy during Pregnancy Associated with an Increased Risk of Preterm Delivery, Low Birth Weight, or Stillbirth?

et al. 2006

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“…Subsequently, elective cesarean section has also been shown to reduce the risk of mother-tochild transmission of HIV. These preventive strategies, resulting in dramatic declines in pediatric HIV and AIDS in the USA and Europe, [2][3][4] are costly options, and thus are not yet realistic solutions for resource-poor countries like South Africa.…”

Section: Socio-economic and Cultural Status Of Women In South Africanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The successful implementation of antiretroviral therapy for HIV positive pregnant women and their infants has led to dramatic reductions in pediatric AIDS in the United States and Europe. [2][3][4] The other (bleaker) side is quite pessimistic. In the developing world, which bears the burden of more than 95% of the world's HIV infection, the HIV/AIDS pandemic continues to rage on and there is little hope for those afflicted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antenatal HIV Screening and Treatment in South Africa: Social Norms and Policy Options

Hasnain

2004

African Journal of Reproductive Health

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South Africa has one of the highest prevalence of HIV and AIDS in the world, with mother-tochild transmission being an important route for spread of the infection. For years, AIDS scientists and activists locally and internationally have been working desperately for the people of South Africa to have access to treatment for HIV and AIDS. Policymakers in South Africa have consistently maintained that HIV infection is not responsible for AIDS, thus creating the biggest obstacle to implementation of appropriate prevention and therapeutic programmes, including antiretroviral therapy for HIV positive persons. Only recently, people within the government and ruling party, defying previous policy, have agreed that antiretroviral drugs should be given to pregnant women with HIV. The social fabric of South African society is markedly different from that of Western countries. In this paper, the author analyses the likely implications of antenatal testing and treatment of pregnant women in South Africa, in light of the socio-economic and cultural status of women in that society. )Key Words: HIV screening, South Africa, pregnant women RésuméDépistage et traitement prénatals du VIH en Afrique du Sud: normes sociales et options des politiques. L'Afrique du Sud a une des plus hautes prévalences du VIH et SIDA du monde, dont la transmission de la mère à l'enfant est une voie importante pour la propagation de l'infection. Depuis des années, les scientifiques et des activistes du SIDA sur le plan local et international, travaillent désespéremment pour que les gens d'Afrique du Sud aient un accès au traitement pour le VIH et le SIDA. Les décisionnaires en Afrique du Sud ont systématiquement insisté sur le fait que l'infection du VIH n'est pas responsable du SIDA, créant ainsi le plus grand obstacle à la réalisation de la prévention appropriée et des programmes thérapeutiques, y compris la thérapie antirétrovirale pour les personnes séropositives. Très récemment, les fonctionnaires et les membres du parti politique au pouvoir, au mépris de l'ancienne politique, ont accepté que les médicaments antirétroviraux soient donnés aux femmes enceintes séropositives. Le tissu social de la société sud africaine est remarquablement différent de celui des pays occidentaux. Dans cet article, l'auteur fait une analyse des implications probables du dépistage et traitement prénatals des femmes enceintes en Afrique du Sud, à la lumière de la situation socio-économique et culturelle des femmes dans cette société-là. (Rev Afr Santé Reprod 2004; 8[2]: 77-85)

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“…If in the 48 th h of newborn's life the test yields a positive result (pointing to presence of the pathogen) the infection took place inside the uterus, when the result of the test is negative in the 48 th h but positive between the 7 th and 90 th day the infection developed most probably during delivery [9].…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis, clinical assessment of HIV infection in a pregnant woman and legal aspects of HIV infection

Żaba

Osiński²

2012

pdia

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Impact of zidovudine use on risk and risk factors for perinatal transmission of HIV

Cited by 120 publications

References 21 publications

Is Antiretroviral Therapy during Pregnancy Associated with an Increased Risk of Preterm Delivery, Low Birth Weight, or Stillbirth?

Is Antiretroviral Therapy during Pregnancy Associated with an Increased Risk of Preterm Delivery, Low Birth Weight, or Stillbirth?

Antenatal HIV Screening and Treatment in South Africa: Social Norms and Policy Options

Diagnosis, clinical assessment of HIV infection in a pregnant woman and legal aspects of HIV infection

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