Impact of wild boars on the feeding behavior of smaller frugivorous mammals

Osugi, Shigeru; Trentin, Bruna Elisa; Koike, Shinsuke

doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2019.03.013

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In other countries with required lockdowns, increases in wildlife sightings, especially in urban areas, was thought to be due to animals changing their time of activity in response to the decrease in human activity caused by the Covid‐19 (e.g., Silva‐Rodríguez et al 2021 ). In the previous study, Japanese badgers were also more active at night, even in mountainous areas (Osugi et al, 2019 ), so it was probably unlikely for them to significantly change their activity pattern even when human activity decreased. Based on the above, our hypothesis 1 was partially supported and mostly supported in raccoon dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…We found that raccoon dogs became more diurnal during their foraging behavior with substantial shifts in their activity patterns in 2020, while Japanese badgers exhibited diurnal foraging behavior in 2020 after never exhibiting it in 2019. Although the diurnal rhythms of both species are essentially nocturnal (Ohdachi et al, 2015 ), raccoon dogs foraging ginkgo fruit in particular are known to forage even during the day in mountainous forests where human activity is low (Osugi et al, 2019 ). In other countries with required lockdowns, increases in wildlife sightings, especially in urban areas, was thought to be due to animals changing their time of activity in response to the decrease in human activity caused by the Covid‐19 (e.g., Silva‐Rodríguez et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the diurnal rhythms of both species are essentially nocturnal (Ohdachi et al, 2015), raccoon dogs foraging ginkgo fruit in particular are known to forage even during the day in mountainous forests where human activity is low (Osugi et al, 2019). In other countries with required lockdowns, increases in wildlife sightings, especially in urban areas, was thought to be due to animals chang- In the previous study, Japanese badgers were also more active at night, even in mountainous areas (Osugi et al, 2019), so it was probably unlikely for them to significantly change their activity pattern even when human activity decreased. Based on the above, our hypothesis 1 was partially supported and mostly supported in raccoon dogs.…”

Section: Raccoon Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We therefore tested three hypotheses regarding the effects of decreasing human activity on the foraging behaviors of frugivorous omnivores in urban forests based on the previous study (Osugi et al, 2019 ): (1) diurnal foraging behavior would increase in 2020 compared to 2019 due to less human activity, (2) the duration of foraging per visit to fruiting trees would not change between day and night but it would be longer in 2020 than in 2019 due to less human activity, with these hypotheses are based on previous comparisons between urban forest and mountainous forest; and (3) foraging in 2020 would be more frequent at more trees with higher fruiting abundance than in 2019, as individuals would prioritize foraging at trees with a higher fruit production when there was less risk from human disturbance. This hypothesis is based on the assumption that the amount of fruit production will become a priority factor for selecting fruiting trees in the same way that many animals select fruiting trees as human activity declines, even in urban forests (e.g., Davidar & Morton, 1986 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of decreasing human activity from COVID‐19 on the foraging of fallen fruit by omnivores

Osugi

Baek

Naganuma

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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In 2020, a lockdown was implemented in many cities around the world to contain the COVID‐19 pandemic, resulting in a significant cessation of human activity which have had a variety of impacts on wildlife. But in many cases, due to limited pre‐lockdown information, and there are limited studies of how lockdowns have specifically affected behaviors. Foraging behavior is inherently linked to fitness and survival, is particularly affected by changes in temporal activity, and the influence of human disturbance on foraging behavior can be assessed quantitatively based on foraging duration and quantity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether and how the fruit‐foraging behaviors of two omnivores, the Japanese badger (Meles anakuma) and the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), were influenced by the decrease of human activity associated with lockdowns. Specifically, by comparing to a previous study in 2019–2020, we attempted to determine (1) whether foraging behavior increases during the daytime? (2) whether the duration of foraging per visit increases? and (3) what factors animals select for in fruiting trees? The results of the initial investigation showed that the foraging behavior of both species in 2019 was almost exclusively restricted to the nighttime. But as opportunities for foraging behavior without human interference increased in 2020 due to the lockdown, both species (but especially raccoon dogs) showed substantial changes in their activity patterns to be more diurnal. The duration of foraging per visit also increased in 2020 for both species, and the selection during foraging for both species shifted from selecting trees that provided greater cover in 2019 to trees with high fruit production in 2020. Our results show how human activity directly affects the foraging behavior of wildlife in an urban landscape.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Raccoon Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of decreasing human activity from COVID‐19 on the foraging of fallen fruit by omnivores

Osugi

Baek

Naganuma

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Wild pigs negatively impact native wildlife by modifying their habitat (Mori et al, 2020) and competing for resources (Focardi et al, 2000; O'Brien et al, 2019). Wild pigs can be extremely aggressive toward other species (Barrios‐Garcia & Ballari, 2012; Casula et al, 2019), which can limit and even exclude native species from accessing shared resources (Mikulka et al, 2018; Osugi et al, 2019). Recent research also suggests the negative impacts of wild pigs on native wildlife could be exacerbated on sites with year‐round availability of concentrated food resources, which can increase wild pig density via improved body condition and reproduction (Mayer et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐occurrence of native white‐tailed deer and invasive wild pigs: Evidence for competition?

et al. 2023

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Understanding whether invasive and native species compete for shared resources where they co-occur is essential for mitigating the negative impacts of invasive species on native ecosystems. Here, we examined how the presence and density of an invasive species, wild pigs (Sus scrofa), affect native white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; hereafter, deer) on the Savannah River Site, SC, USA. We examined potential changes in deer areas of use, temporal overlap, and occupancy to evaluate the effects of wild pig occurrence and density on deer space use, diel activity, and co-occurrence with wild pigs across 9 months during 2018 and 2019. Wild pig density had the strongest effect on deer space use in high-and moderate-use areas. Declines in deer space use in response to wild pig density were most pronounced in March and October 2018 and April 2019 for females, while male space use declined in response to wild pig density in October and December 2018. Both species were largely nocturnal with high overlap in diel activity across months. Deer occupancy responses to wild pig density varied across months, with negative responses in May and October 2018 and positive responses in July 2018 and April 2019. Deer and wild pigs co-occurred at 30%-59% of camera stations across months, with broadscale co-occurrence patterns being unaffected by changes in shared cover or wild pig occurrence. Overall, our results suggest that deer make fine-scale behavioral adjustments to avoid wild pigs, providing evidence that competition is likely occurring even where wild pig density is relatively low. Such fine-scale behavioral plasticity in deer appears to mitigate the costs of competition with wild pigs and may be a mechanism enabling long-term co-existence of deer and wild pigs. Our study provides novel insight on the complexities of spatiotemporal relationships between invasive wild pigs and native deer and suggests that the negative effects of interactions between deer and wild pigs may be more pronounced when deer life history needs are particularly demanding. In areas where eradication of invasive wild pigs may be impossible, maintaining low wild pig densities may help mitigate, but may not eliminate, the negative effects of wild pigs on deer.

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Spatiotemporal overlap with invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) varies by species and season in a temperate ecosystem

et al. 2023

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Wild pigs (Sus scrofa), which are invasive in many regions globally, can alter ecosystems and compete with native species through interference competition and resource exploitation. Wild pig impacts on other species may increase with greater niche overlap, which could vary over time based on environmental conditions, resource availability, or biological traits like diet, especially as seasonal variation in wild pig diet has been widely documented. A limited number of studies have assessed spatial or temporal overlap between native species and invasive wild pigs, with only a handful simultaneously assessing overlap in these niche dimensions. We investigated the potential for interspecific interactions involving invasive wild pigs in the Piedmont region of South Carolina, USA, by examining seasonal spatiotemporal overlap with other wildlife using N‐mixture models and diel activity overlap analyses. Site use by white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and coyote (Canis latrans) was negatively associated with wild pig activity in the fall, when the species had high diel activity overlap, indicating spatial partitioning could reduce interference competition with wild pigs in this season. Conversely, white‐tailed deer site use was positively associated with wild pig activity in the winter, suggesting higher spatial overlap may be necessary if resources are limited. Site use by bobcat (Lynx rufus) and nine‐banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) in the spring, along with raccoon (Procyon lotor) and wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) site use in the summer, was positively associated with wild pig activity. With the exception of diurnal wild turkey, diel activity overlap between these species and wild pigs was high, although temporal partitioning could have occurred at finer spatiotemporal scales than we examined. Our results collectively emphasize the importance of accounting for seasonal spatial and temporal responses by individual species to invasive wild pigs, with special consideration given to species in seasons where high niche overlap with wild pigs is anticipated.

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Impact of wild boars on the feeding behavior of smaller frugivorous mammals

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

The effect of decreasing human activity from COVID‐19 on the foraging of fallen fruit by omnivores

The effect of decreasing human activity from COVID‐19 on the foraging of fallen fruit by omnivores

Co‐occurrence of native white‐tailed deer and invasive wild pigs: Evidence for competition?

Spatiotemporal overlap with invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) varies by species and season in a temperate ecosystem

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