Impact of water supply and sanitation assistance on human welfare in rural Pakistan

Rauniyar, Ganesh P.; Orbeta, Aniceto C.; Sugiyarto, Guntur

doi:10.1080/19439342.2010.549947

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Although their study was limited by a small sample size, their findings are supported by the studies including qualitative data derived from people who collect water. They are also supported by the findings of Rauniyar et al , 29 who attributed a significant 5% reduction in the ‘drudgery’ of water fetching among the lowest socioeconomic group to water supply projects, and the findings of Porter et al , 60 who found high proportions of children reporting pain as a direct result of load-carrying, which particularly for girls, included water carriage by head loading. However, as highlighted by Porter et al , 60 61 individuals in low-income and middle-income countries carry diverse loads, and water may not be the heaviest load carried.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Is water carriage associated with the water carrier’s health? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence

et al. 2018

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IntroductionThe work of carrying water falls mainly on women and children, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and rural areas. While concerns have been raised, how water carriage is associated with health of the water carrier is not clear. The aim of this review is to summarise evidence on whether, and how, water carriage is associated with the water carrier’s health.MethodsA systematic review of literature was conducted, searching Embase; Medline; Web of Science Social Sciences Citation Index; Web of Science Arts and Humanities Citation Index; International Initiative for Impact Evaluation website; WHO Virtual Health Sciences Library and WHO African index medicus, from inception to 8 November 2017.ResultsForty-two studies were included. Their ability to demonstrate cause and effect relationships was limited by study design and fair or poor methodological quality. Overall, the studies suggest that water carriage is associated with negative aspects of the water carriers’ health. There is moderate quantitative and strong qualitative evidence that water carriage is associated with pain, fatigue, perinatal health problems and violence against vulnerable people, and inconclusive evidence of an association with stress or self-reported mental health and general health status.ConclusionIn many circumstances, water carriage is a potential barrier to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 target ‘universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all’ and SDG 3 ‘ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages’. Efforts should focus on providing water on premises, and where this is not possible, providing water close to home and reducing risk of gender-based violence.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Is water carriage associated with the water carrier’s health? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence

et al. 2018

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“…In a seminal work, Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983) proposed PSM as a method to reduce the bias in the estimation of treatment effects with observed data sets. Matching methods have become increasingly popular and widely used in the evaluation of development interventions (Becker & Ichino, 2002;Ravallion, 2008;Rauniyar, Orbeta, Jr., & Sugiyarto, 2010;Kumar & Vollmer, 2013).…”

Section: Empirical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of rural electrification on income and education: Evidence from Bhutan

Kumar

Rauniyar²

2018

Review Development Economics

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We investigate the impact of a rural electrification program on household income and children's schooling in rural Bhutan. Using propensity score matching, we find that electrification had a statistically significant impact on nonfarm income and education. Nonfarm income increased by 61 percent and children gained 0.72 additional years of schooling and 9 minutes of study time per day. We do not observe significant effects on farm income. Results are consistent and robust to different matching algorithms. Our findings indicate that investments in reducing energy deficit may help improve human welfare in Bhutan.

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“…Following other studies that used observational data to draw out the causal impact of water supply and sanitation facilities on child health, 17,18 we estimate the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) using propensity score matching. 19 We apply this method on a data set comprising all rural households with children younger than 5 years from the 1993, 1998, 2003, and 2008 rounds of the National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 20 undertaken by the Philippine National Statistics Office.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Piped Water and Flush Toilets Prevent Child Diarrhea in Rural Philippines?

Capuno

Tan

Fabella

2011

Asia Pac J Public Health

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Similar to other developing countries, diarrhea in the Philippines continues to be among the top causes of child mortality and morbidity. In pursuit of its Millennium Development Goals, the Philippine government commits to reduce child deaths and provide water and sanitation services to more rural households by 2015. Applying propensity score matching on the 1993, 1998, 2003, and 2008 rounds of the National Demographic and Health Survey to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated, it is found that the incidence of diarrhea among under-5 children is lower by as much as 4.5% in households with access to piped water and 10% in those with their own flush toilets, relative to comparable households. These findings underscore the need to ensure the quality of drinking water from the pipe or from other improved sources at the point of use, and the provision of improved and own sanitation facilities.

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Impact of water supply and sanitation assistance on human welfare in rural Pakistan

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Is water carriage associated with the water carrier’s health? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence

Is water carriage associated with the water carrier’s health? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence

The impact of rural electrification on income and education: Evidence from Bhutan

Do Piped Water and Flush Toilets Prevent Child Diarrhea in Rural Philippines?

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