Impact of water pollution on human health in the Central African Republic

Abstract

Bacterial) contamination) of) waters) and) their) impacts) on) human) health) in) the) Central) African)Republic)is)a)pollution)problem)that)goes)far)back)in)time.)Today,)water)quality) is) impaired,) including) the) contamination) of) fecal) microorganisms,) excessive) use) of) agrochemicals,) uncontrolled) discharges) from) industries) and) solid) and) liquid) waste) from) households) and) municipal.) Most) of) people) in) Central) Africa) use) water) directly) from) the) wells) and) rivers) water) for) their) domestic) activities) include) drinking.) These) works) highlight) the) bacteriological) and) nitrate) pollution) of) surface) and) groundwater) streams)and)how)can)impair)public)health.)Many)reports)concluded)that)this)pollution) came) from) poor) sanitation) wastes/extracts.) Other) studies) have) revealed) the) presence) of)nitrates)and)coliform)bacteria)in)groundwater)in)agricultural)areas)it)concludes)that,) this)pollution)comes)from)the)reuse)of)untreated)wastewater)in)agriculture.)Rivers)and) lakes) seem) to) be) most) contaminated) sources) because) are) most) exposed) to) waste.) Human) activities) and) poor) municipal) waste) control) contribute) to) water) pollution) and) results) to) serious) health) problems.) Main) data) in) this) review) study) are) collected) in) various) existing) studies) by) many) researchers) and) published) in) international) and) national)journals,)but)also)by)nonQgovernmental)organizations)and)the)Central)African) Government)reports.

Water and Health Nexus—Land Use Dynamics, Flooding, and Water-Borne Diseases in the Odaw River Basin, Ghana

“…Given the accessibility to WASH, water storage behaviors and hygiene practices play key roles in the outbreaks of diseases [44]. Studies in India and the Democratic Republic of the Congo show that drinking water can be contaminated with E. coli at the point-of-use, when proper hygiene and safety measures are not observed [44,45]. Falkenberg et al [44] underscored the importance of good hand hygiene in addition to accessibility to safe drinking water to efficiently prevent water-related infectious diseases.…”

Influences of Land-Use Dynamics and Surface Water Systems Interactions on Water-Related Infectious Diseases—A Systematic Review

“…Urban surface water systems are increasingly facing stress from pollution in most developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, as a result of land-use change, lack of wastewater treatment, and poor water quality monitoring [13][14][15]. Threats to human health, particularly the emergence and spread of water-related infectious diseases (WRID) and sanitation have been the focus of many research studies in South-East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa; however, such studies focused less on the interactions between LULC and diseases [13,16,17]. Water pollution can have detrimental influences on the transmission of WRID [18][19][20].…”