Impact of warm mesoscale eddy on tropical cyclone intensity

Sun, Jingli; Wang, Guihua; Xiong, Xuejun; Hui, Zhenli; Hu, Xiao-Min; Zheng, Lianyuan; Yu, Long; Yang, Guangyao; Guo, Yanliang; Ju, Xia; chen, liang

doi:10.1007/s13131-020-1617-x

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…For example, one important predictor in the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS; DeMaria and Kaplan, 1994; DeMaria et al ., 2005; DeMaria, 2009) is the difference between MPI (computed empirically as a function of SST) and TC intensity. SST has been demonstrated to have a nonlinear relationship with TC intensity change (Baik and Paek, 1998; Chan et al ., 2001; DeMaria, 2009; Dare and McBride, 2011; Lavender et al ., 2018; Sun et al ., 2020). Most TC intensification periods occur over SSTs greater than 27°C (Chan et al ., 2001), and 87% of TCs attain their lifetime maximum intensity at an SST between 27 and 29°C (Baik and Paek, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This nonlinear sensitivity of the TC intensification rate to SST plays a little role in current TC intensity prediction methods and may be an important factor that has hindered the improvement of TC intensity forecasts. Studies of TC sensitivity to SST using numerical simulations showed substantial differences in sensitivity between simulations; for example, a 1°C SST increase produced decreases in minimum central pressure ranging from 3 to 20 hPa depending on the storm and model setup (Evans, 1993; Schade and Emanuel, 1999; Wu et al ., 2005; Sun et al ., 2016; 2020). These variations in the sensitivity of simulated TC intensity to SST have hindered the development of quantifiable solutions for the relationship between SST and TC intensity change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying tropical cyclone intensity change induced by sea surface temperature

Sun

Wang

Jin

et al. 2021

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) and tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change exhibits a strong dependence on the current TC intensity. Using western North Pacific TC observations from 1982 to 2018, a threshold SST (TSST) is identified as the SST required to maintain TC intensity. TSST increases with TC intensity, with TCs intensifying and weakening when SST is higher and lower than TSST, respectively. Across the dataset, mean TC intensity change is proportional to the difference between SST and TSST. This study also formulates an equation to quantify TC intensity change using SST and current TC intensity, which replicates 99.46% of the mean observed TC intensity changes. This equation could serve as an alternative to the linear regressionbased relationship between SST and TC intensity change that is widely used in statistical-dynamical intensity models, thereby improving intensity forecasts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying tropical cyclone intensity change induced by sea surface temperature

Sun

Wang

Jin

et al. 2021

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…Local TC-eddy interactions have been studied. TCs strengthen when passing over a warm core eddy due to enhanced oceanic buoyant forcing (Lin et al, 2005;Jaimes et al, 2016;Sun et al, 2020). After the TC, the amplitude, radius, and kinetic energy of cyclonic eddy increase due to TC-induced current shear or current strain (Lu et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Sea-Surface Cooling Induced by Eddy Heat Advection During Tropical Cyclone in the North Western Pacific Ocean

et al. 2021

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A tropical cyclone (TC) usually induces strong sea-surface cooling due to vertical mixing. In turn, surface cooling influences the intensities and tracks of TCs. Therefore, the relationship between sea-surface temperature (SST) and TC is one of the important components of air-sea interaction. Sea-surface cooling associated with three TCs (Bailu, Lingling, and Mitag) was investigated based on wave-glider observations, satellite altimetry, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology General Circulation Model (MITgcm) numerical experiments from August 3rd to October 10th, 2019. Surface cooling varied among the three TCs. TC Lingling had the nearest distance to the wave-glider position, the slowest translation speed, and the strongest intensity of three TCs, but extreme cooling (1.4) occurred during TC Bailu. Although MITgcm underestimated the extreme cooling, the SST trend driven by the net heat flux, advection, and vertical mixing within the mixed layer was greater during TC Bailu than during other TCs. Advection was the largest of the three heat balance terms during TC Bailu, while it was quite small during the other two TCs. Interestingly, the extreme cooling occurred at the position of preexisting warm eddy. Based on heat balance analysis, we found that the eddy-induced heat advection transport reached −0.4/day, contributing 60% of the heat balance; this was attributed to extreme cooling via eddy disturbance. We suggest TC Bailu leads to the decrease in SST and increase in the area of the cold eddy, and then, the cooled-enlarged eddy is advected to the neighbored position of wave glider, which observes the extreme cooling. These findings provide the utilization of wave gliders and help improve air-sea coupled models during TCs.

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“…Many studies have indicated that the AE in the TC track effectively weakens the TC‐induced SST cooling and consequently intensifies the TC (Ma et al., 2017; Ma et al., 2018; J. Sun et al., 2020). However, there is little research on the influence of AEs in the TC outer area on TC development in real TC cases (J.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yang et al, 2015). Many studies have indicated that the AE in the TC track effectively weakens the TC-induced SST cooling and consequently intensifies the TC (Ma et al, 2017;Ma et al, 2018;J. Sun et al, 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

Numerical Study of the Response of Typhoon Hato (2017) to Grouped Mesoscale Eddies in the Northern South China Sea

Sun

Zheng

et al. 2023

JGR Atmospheres

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The influences of grouped anticyclonic eddies (AEs) in the ocean on the intensity of tropical cyclone (TC) in the atmosphere are investigated in the present study. The research was carried out using numerical methods taking the development of TC Hato (2017) in the northern South China Sea (SCS) as an example. Three AEs were observed, one at the TC track (defined as the inner area) and the other two in the south of the TC center (defined as the outer area), at about three times the radius of maximum wind speed. The results show that the outer AEs suppress TC development, but the inner AEs greatly favor TC development. This opposite influence primarily results from the different responses of TC secondary circulation to the AE‐induced local sea surface warm anomaly in the inner and outer areas. The outer AE triggers a low sea level pressure anomaly and convergent wind toward the AE, which weakens TC inflow at the lower layers and further weakens TC secondary circulation. Consequently, the energy conversion from ocean heat energy to TC kinetic energy is decreased by the weakened TC secondary circulation. The AE in the outer area also extends the TC eyewall, weakens the TC warm core, and increases the outer precipitation. As a result, the TC intensity is weakened. The inner AE causes opposite changes in TC secondary circulation, eyewall, warm core, and outer precipitation, so that favors TC development. These results provide evidence for the suppression effect of the outer AEs on TC development, providing a new perspective toward improving TC intensity forecasts.

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Impact of warm mesoscale eddy on tropical cyclone intensity

Cited by 17 publications

References 63 publications

Quantifying tropical cyclone intensity change induced by sea surface temperature

Quantifying tropical cyclone intensity change induced by sea surface temperature

Extreme Sea-Surface Cooling Induced by Eddy Heat Advection During Tropical Cyclone in the North Western Pacific Ocean

Numerical Study of the Response of Typhoon Hato (2017) to Grouped Mesoscale Eddies in the Northern South China Sea

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