Impact of walking surface on the range of motion of equine distal limb joints for rehabilitation purposes

Méndez-Angulo, José L.; Firshman, Anna M.; Groschen, D.M.; Kieffer, Philip J.; Trumble, Troy N.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.12.001

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“… 15 27 34 Horses trotting on a treadmill tend to increase the ROM of carpi and fetlock joints and also show an increased height of hoof flight arc. 35 As the treadmill belt drives the hooves backwards the treadmill transfers some mechanical energy to the hooves of the horse, which in turn reacts by an exaggerated limb flexion. 36 Horses in this study showed greater ROM of metacarpi while on the treadmill, probably due to a backwards shift of the limb, resulting in a larger retraction and thus longer stance phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown by several studies that surface properties have significant influence on the horse's gait parameters 15 27 34. Horses trotting on a treadmill tend to increase the ROM of carpi and fetlock joints and also show an increased height of hoof flight arc 35. As the treadmill belt drives the hooves backwards the treadmill transfers some mechanical energy to the hooves of the horse, which in turn reacts by an exaggerated limb flexion 36.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of three types of horseshoes and unshod feet on selected non‐podal forelimb kinematic variables measured by an extremity mounted inertial measurement unit sensor system in sound horses at the trot under conditions of treadmill and soft geotextile surface exercise

Stutz

Vidondo

Ramseyer

et al. 2018

Veterinary Record Open

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Therapeutic farriery is part of the management of certain orthopaedic conditions. Non-podal parameters are important as most horses shod with therapeutic shoes are expected to perform again and the choice of shoe type may be influenced by the effects they may have on gait. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the effects of three different shoe designs and unshod front feet on forelimb non-podal kinematic variables using an extremity mounted inertial measurement unit (IMU) system under conditions of treadmill and overground exercise on a soft geotextile surface at the trot. Ten sound horses with no underlying orthopaedic problem were instrumented with eight IMUs at distal radii, tibia and third metacarpal/tarsal regions. Measurements were performed during four consecutive days. During the first three days, the three shoe types were randomly selected per horse and day. On the fourth day, all horses were tested unshod. Data were collected at the trot on a treadmill, and on a soft geotextile surface. Specifically designed software and a proprietary algorithm processed the accelerometer and gyroscope signals to obtain orientation and temporal data to describe selected kinematic variables predetermined by the system. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess differences between shoe type and surface. The presence of shoes produced significant changes in spatiotemporal variables which seemed to be related to shoe mass rather than shoe design as there were no significant differences found between different shoe types. Shod horses showed a gait characterised by an increased range of motion (ROM) of the fore limbs. Previously reported effects of the investigated shoes on podal kinematics do not seem to affect the investigated kinematic variables indicating perhaps a compensatory effect occurring at some level in the extremity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of three types of horseshoes and unshod feet on selected non‐podal forelimb kinematic variables measured by an extremity mounted inertial measurement unit sensor system in sound horses at the trot under conditions of treadmill and soft geotextile surface exercise

Stutz

Vidondo

Ramseyer

et al. 2018

Veterinary Record Open

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“…Angular velocity data for the joint angles were exported into a computing software 5 and a local regression (LOESS function) was applied with a constant span (29). Maxima, minima and joint ROM as well as angular velocities maxima (maximum positive angular velocity during extension) and minima (maximal negative angular velocity during flexion) were normalized with respect to time of a stride cycle to enable comparisons among horses.…”

Section: Kinematic Analysis Of Swimmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential therapeutic benefits of hydrotherapy have been studied previously in humans, as buoyancy and viscosity enable increased muscle activation and reduced joint loading (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Similarly, aquatic exercise programs with water treadmills and swimming pools are used in horses for rehabilitation and conditioning (6)(7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic Analysis During Straight Line Free Swimming in Horses: Part 1 - Forelimbs

et al. 2021

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Background: Swimming is used for rehabilitation and conditioning purposes in equine sports medicine despite the lack of understanding of equine swimming kinematics. The aim of this study was to assess forelimb joints kinematics (elbow, carpus, and fetlock) in swimming horses. The specific objectives were 1- to calculate and compare joint angles in swimming vs. passive mobilizations (PM), 2- to determine joint angular velocities during a swimming stride cycle.Methods: Eleven elite endurance horses swam in a 100-m straight pool. Underwater (swimming) and overground (PM) videos were recorded from the horses' left side. Joint markers were applied on the lateral hoof wall, lateral metacarpal epicondyle, ulnar carpal bone, lateral humeral epicondyle, and the greater tubercle of humerus, from which elbow, carpus and fetlock angles, and angular velocities were obtained. As a reference, maximal fetlock, carpus, and elbow flexion/extension angles were determined during PM overground. Differences between angle extrema, angular velocities and range of motion (ROM) were compared.Results: Carpus and fetlock ROM were significantly smaller (p < 0.001) during swimming when compared with PM, while there was no difference in elbow ROM between both situations. The carpus had the greatest ROM of all joints during swimming. Absolute angular velocities values of all joints during swimming were greater during retraction than protraction (p < 0.001). When compared to other joints during protraction, the carpus joint reached the highest angular velocity.Conclusion: Swimming, as a rehabilitation exercise, has the potential to benefit horses where great elbow ROM with a moderate carpus and fetlock extension are wanted.

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“…The current study shows that HIFT is also a valid training program that exerts a positive effect on inhibitory control. In elementary school and high school students, higher inhibitory control is correlated with better academic skills, math achievements, reading comprehension, self-regulation, and attention (Macleod, 1992 ; Tan and Holub, 2011 ; Fuhs and Mcneil, 2013 ; Kieffer et al, 2013 ; Oberle and Schonert-Reichl, 2013 ; Allan et al, 2014 ). Although in the current study we did not measure academic skills, we did find that HIFT improved inhibitory control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of High-intensity Functional Training (HIFT) on Spatial Learning, Visual Pattern Separation and Attention Span in Adolescents

Ben-Zeev

Hirsh

Weiss

et al. 2020

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Aerobic, anaerobic, and strength exercises are known to improve various cognitive functions, such as executive functions, pattern separation, and working memory. High-intensity functional training (HIFT) is a form of physical activity that can be modified to any fitness level and elicits greater muscle recruitment than repetitive aerobic exercises, thereby improving cardiovascular endurance, strength, and flexibility. HIFT emphasizes functional, multi-joint movements via high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and muscle-strengthening exercises. It is yet unknown, however, whether HIFT affects cognitive functions in adolescents. To address this question, we subjected adolescents to 3 × 20 min training sessions/week of HIFT for 3 months. The effects of HIFT were tested on performance in: (1) virtual reality (VR)-based spatial learning task; (2) computerized visual pattern separation; and (3) attention span. The control group performed a typical physical class three times per week. The effects on cognition were tested at baseline and following 3 months of HIFT. Three months into the intervention, the HIFT group achieved higher scores in the spatial learning task, pattern separation task, and in the attention span test, compared with controls. These data suggest that HIFT can potentially translate into improving school performance in adolescents.

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Impact of walking surface on the range of motion of equine distal limb joints for rehabilitation purposes

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of three types of horseshoes and unshod feet on selected non‐podal forelimb kinematic variables measured by an extremity mounted inertial measurement unit sensor system in sound horses at the trot under conditions of treadmill and soft geotextile surface exercise

Effect of three types of horseshoes and unshod feet on selected non‐podal forelimb kinematic variables measured by an extremity mounted inertial measurement unit sensor system in sound horses at the trot under conditions of treadmill and soft geotextile surface exercise

Kinematic Analysis During Straight Line Free Swimming in Horses: Part 1 - Forelimbs

The Effects of High-intensity Functional Training (HIFT) on Spatial Learning, Visual Pattern Separation and Attention Span in Adolescents

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