Impact of vitamin D deficiency on health with regard to kidney disease; an updated mini-review

Abstract

Vitamin D or cholecalciferol, as a steroidal hormone, regulates the calcium homeostasis, and bone formation with reabsorption through kidneys, parathyroid glands and bowel. There are at least 800 human genes connected with vitamin D. Previous research has confirmed the relationship between vitamin D and colorectal cancers, infections, heart diseases, multiple sclerosis (MS), bone disorders, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, diabetes mellitus type-I and II and also progression of kidney disease. However, the relationship of vitamin D deficiency and developing of breast cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis is unknown. In fact, the effect of vitamin D deficiency on pathogenesis of different diseases is controversial. To cope with vitamin D deficiency, there are different recommendations such as daily intake of vitamin D supplements and more exposure to sunlight.

Knowledge and Awareness on Vitamin D Deficiency among IT Employees

“…It also occurs naturally in few foods, including some fish, fish liver oils and egg yolks, and in fortified dairy and grain products. Vitamin D is essential for strong bones, because it helps the body to use calcium [2] Vitamin D deficiency causes heart attacks, congestive heart failure, renal diseases and many health issues [3,4]. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) found in human skeletal muscle cells is involved in various physiological functions.…”