Impact of UVA radiation on algae and bacteria in Baltic Sea ice

Piiparinen, Jonna; Kuosa, Harri

doi:10.3354/ame01489

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…This is supported by the light saturation index (Ek), which did not tend to decrease downwards (Müller et al in press), albeit the 5.3-7.5-cm snow cover at our collecting sites was sufficient to attenuate 80% of the incident radiation (Müller et al in press). The Ek values in our samples were also higher than those in previous Baltic Sea measurements (Enberg et al 2015;Piiparinen and Kuosa 2011;Piiparinen et al 2010;Rintala et al 2010). Nevertheless, all the Baltic Ek values measured are more comparable to values under thin-ice conditions than to values under low-light conditions (Ban et al 2006;Obata and Taguchi 2009;Robinson et al 1998), and Baltic Sea bottom-ice algae are not as shade-adapted as the bottom-ice algae in polar regions (Alou-Font et al 2013;Arrigo et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

“…Usually, the predominant autotrophic eukaryotes are diatoms (Haecky et al 1998;Meiners et al 2002;Norrman and Andersson 1994), but in contrast to Arctic sea ice, the dinoflagellate and green algal biomass is considerable in Baltic Sea ice (Kaartokallio et al 2007;Piiparinen et al 2010;Rintala et al 2010). Another peculiarity of Baltic Sea ice is that the surfacelayer algal biomass may significantly contribute to the overall algal biomass (Meiners et al 2002;Piiparinen and Kuosa 2011;Piiparinen et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sea-ice eukaryotes of the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea, and evidence for herbivory on weakly shade-adapted ice algae

Majaneva

Blomster

Müller

et al. 2017

European Journal of Protistology

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To determine community composition and physiological status of early spring sea-ice organisms, we collected sea-ice, slush and under-ice water samples from the Baltic Sea. We combined light microscopy, HPLC pigment analysis and pyrosequencing, and related the biomass and physiological status of sea-ice algae with the protistan community composition in a new way in the area. In terms of biomass, centric diatoms including a distinct Melosira arctica bloom in the upper intermediate section of the fast ice, dinoflagellates, euglenoids and the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon sp. predominated in the sea-ice sections and unidentified flagellates in the slush. Based on pigment analyses, the ice-algal communities showed no adjusted photosynthetic pigment pools throughout the sea ice, and the bottom-ice communities were not shade-adapted. The sea ice included more characteristic phototrophic taxa (49%) than did slush (18%) and under-ice water (37%). Cercozoans and ciliates were the richest taxon groups, and the differences among the communities arose mainly from the various phagotrophic protistan taxa inhabiting the communities. The presence of pheophytin a coincided with an elevated ciliate biomass and read abundance in the drift ice and with a high Eurytemora affinis read abundance in the pack ice, indicating that ciliates and Eurytemora affinis were grazing on algae.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea-ice eukaryotes of the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea, and evidence for herbivory on weakly shade-adapted ice algae

Majaneva

Blomster

Müller

et al. 2017

European Journal of Protistology

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“…However, they did not discuss the effect of under-saturation on their results. Studies done on Baltic Sea ice that have used 1 (Mock et al 1997) to 2 orders of magnitude higher Leu saturating concentrations (Kaartokallio 2004, Piiparinen & Kuosa 2011 do not report problems attributable to undersaturation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Short-term variability in bacterial abundance, cell properties, and incorporation of leucine and thymidine in subarctic sea ice

Kaartokallio¹,

Søgaard²,

Norman³

et al. 2013

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Sea ice is a biome of immense size and provides a range of habitats for diverse microbial communities, many of which are adapted to living at low temperatures and high salinities in brines. We measured simultaneous incorporation of thymidine (TdR) and leucine (Leu), bacterial cell abundance and cell population properties (by flow cytometry) in subarctic sea ice in SW Greenland. Short-term temporal variability was moderate, and steep environmental gradients, typical for sea ice, were the main drivers of the variability in bacterial cell properties and activity. Low nucleic acid (LNA) bacteria, previously linked to oligotrophic ecotypes in marine habitats, were more abundant in the upper ice layers, whereas high nucleic acid (HNA) bacteria dominated in lower ice, where organic carbon was in high concentrations. Leu incorporation was saturated at micromolar concentrations, as known from freshwater and marine biofilm systems. Leu:TdR ratios were high (up to > 300) in lowermost ice layers, and when compared to published respiration measurements, these results suggest non-specific Leu incorporation. There was evidence of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-containing bacteria in the sea ice, shown by brightly fluorescing intracellular inclusions after Nile Blue A staining. High Leu saturating concentrations coupled with the occurrence of PHA-producing organisms further highlight the similarity of sea ice internal habitats to biofilm-like systems rather than to open-water systems.

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“…In addition, bacteria decompose particulate organic matter and remineralize nutrients (Sullivan and Palmisano, 1984;Deming, 2010). Sea-ice bacteria and their community structure are governed by abiotic and biotic factors such as temperature, salinity, light, substrate and nutrient availability, as well as grazing and viral lysis (Kaartokallio, 2004;Mock and Thomas, 2005;Kuosa and Kaartokallio, 2006;Riedel et al, 2007;Collins et al, 2008Collins et al, , 2010Piiparinen and Kuosa, 2011;Collins, 2015). As the fluctuation of these factors is highly seasonal, they also induce the seasonal dynamics of bacterial abundance and community composition in sea ice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An active bacterial community linked to high chl-a concentrations in Antarctic winter-pack ice and evidence for the development of an anaerobic sea-ice bacterial community

et al. 2017

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Antarctic sea-ice bacterial community composition and dynamics in various developmental stages were investigated during the austral winter in 2013. Thick snow cover likely insulated the ice, leading to high (<4 μg l) chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentrations and consequent bacterial production. Typical sea-ice bacterial genera, for example, Octadecabacter, Polaribacter and Glaciecola, often abundant in spring and summer during the sea-ice algal bloom, predominated in the communities. The variability in bacterial community composition in the different ice types was mainly explained by the chl-a concentrations, suggesting that as in spring and summer sea ice, the sea-ice bacteria and algae may also be coupled during the Antarctic winter. Coupling between the bacterial community and sea-ice algae was further supported by significant correlations between bacterial abundance and production with chl-a. In addition, sulphate-reducing bacteria (for example, Desulforhopalus) together with odour of HS were observed in thick, apparently anoxic ice, suggesting that the development of the anaerobic bacterial community may occur in sea ice under suitable conditions. In all, the results show that bacterial community in Antarctic sea ice can stay active throughout the winter period and thus possible future warming of sea ice and consequent increase in bacterial production may lead to changes in bacteria-mediated processes in the Antarctic sea-ice zone.

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Impact of UVA radiation on algae and bacteria in Baltic Sea ice

Cited by 9 publications

References 57 publications

Sea-ice eukaryotes of the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea, and evidence for herbivory on weakly shade-adapted ice algae

Sea-ice eukaryotes of the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea, and evidence for herbivory on weakly shade-adapted ice algae

Short-term variability in bacterial abundance, cell properties, and incorporation of leucine and thymidine in subarctic sea ice

An active bacterial community linked to high chl-a concentrations in Antarctic winter-pack ice and evidence for the development of an anaerobic sea-ice bacterial community

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