Impact of universal vaccination programmes on the epidemiology of hepatitis B: 10 years of experience in Italy

Bonanni, Paolo; Pesavento, Giovanna; Bechini, Angela; Tiscione, Emilia; Mannelli, Francesco; Benucci, Cristiana; Nostro, Antonella Lo

doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00580-7

Cited by 89 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In this study, a low prevalence of HBV infection of 1.1% was verified, similar to that of adolescents and young adults from developed countries, where hepatitis B vaccination programs are fully implemented, such as Italy (0.9%) 19 , Spain (0.9%) 20 and the United States (1%) 21 , and that verified in a nationwide study in northeastern and central-western Brazil (1.3%) 22 and by our group in the metropolitan area of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (0.5%) 23 . In contrast, this prevalence is lower than that of Greece (2.5%) 24 and of developing regions, where HBV vaccination programs are only partially implemented or not implemented at all, such as Mexico (5%) 25 , Bolivia (6.9%) 26 and central Brazil (5.9%) 27 .…”

Section: Ethical Considerationssupporting

confidence: 69%

Hepatitis B marker seroprevalence and vaccination coverage in adolescents in the City of Itajaí, State of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, in 2008

Tonial

Passos

Livramento

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Hepatitis B infection constitutes an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Brazil, however, the current epidemiological situation is not clear. Considering the importance of establishing this prevalence, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV markers in voluntary adolescents, junior high (secondary school) students, in the City of Itajaí, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Methods: A seroepidemiological, transverse study was conducted with 353 randomly chosen adolescents from elementary school in 2008. Blood samples were analyzed for HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs. All analyses were conducted by automated microparticle enzyme immunosorbent assay (Abbott®, AxSYM system, Deerfield, IL, USA), according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results: The prevalence of HBsAg was 0.6% (CI 95% 0.1 -2.0), that of anti-HBc was 1.1% (CI 95% 0.3 -2.9) and that of detectable anti-HBs was 83.6% (CI 95% 79.3 -87.3). Hepatitis B vaccination coverage was 97.5% (CI 95% 95.2 -98.8). Conclusions: These results demonstrate the success of the vaccination program against hepatitis B in the region studied and indicate that prevention strategies must be maintained and, if possible, expanded to contribute to the establishment of positive prevalence rates in all age groups.

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Section: Ethical Considerationssupporting

confidence: 69%

Hepatitis B marker seroprevalence and vaccination coverage in adolescents in the City of Itajaí, State of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, in 2008

Tonial

Passos

Livramento

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…This high HBV prevalence among sex workers in Nigeria is an indication that active sexual transmission is an important factor in the spread of HBV in this nation and that sex workers are a reservoir group for the maintenance and transmission of the virus. This high prevalence is unacceptable for a disease that has an effective vaccine that has been demonstrated to be capable of interrupting the transmission of HBV infection 3 . Although our group strongly supports the WHO recommendation for universal vaccination against HBV as the best strategy for reducing the risk of HBV infection 18,19 , this has not been feasible in Nigeria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of hepatitis B virus among female sex workers in Nigeria

Forbi¹,

Onyemauwa²,

Gyar³

et al. 2008

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is endemic in Nigeria and constitutes a public health menace. The prevalence of HBV infection in many professional groups has been described in Nigeria. However, literature on HBV infection among female sex workers (FSW) in Nigeria is scanty. FSW in Nigeria are not subjected to a preventive control of HBV infection. This study assesses the extent of spread of HBV among FSW in Nigeria. Seven hundred and twenty (n = 720) FSW (mean age = 26.7 years) were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by a double antibody sandwich ELISA method. The overall HBV prevalence among the FSW was 17.1%. FSWs between the ages of 31-35 year (20.5%) and those with 'age-at-first-sex' below 10 years of age (28%) were most affected. This high prevalence of a vaccine preventable disease is unacceptable, therefore, vaccination of this high risk HBV reservoir group should be considered worthwhile.

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“…outine infant hepatitis B vaccination has substantially reduced the incidence of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the prevalence of chronic infection (1,2). However, the duration of protection following infant vaccination is unknown (3,4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B Virus Antibody Levels 7 to 9 Years after Booster Vaccination in Alaska Native Persons

Keck

Bulkow

Raczniak

et al. 2014

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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Hepatitis B antibody persistence was assessed in individuals who had previously received a vaccine booster. We measured hepatitis B surface antigen antibody (anti-HBs) levels 7 to 9 years post-hepatitis B booster in individuals with primary vaccination at birth. While 95 (91.3%) of 104 participants had detectable anti-HBs (minimum, 0.1 mIU/ml; maximum, 1,029 mIU/ml), only 43 (41%) had protective levels of >10 mIU/ml. Pre-and week 4 postbooster anti-HBs levels were significant predictors of hepatitis B immunity at follow-up (P < 0.001). Almost all participants had detectable anti-HBs 7 to 9 years after the hepatitis B vaccine booster, but less than half had levels >10 mIU/ml. R outine infant hepatitis B vaccination has substantially reduced the incidence of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the prevalence of chronic infection (1, 2). However, the duration of protection following infant vaccination is unknown (3, 4). In studies from a variety of settings conducted up to 22 years after a primary vaccine series, 23% to 66% of vaccinated infants had low or undetectable concentrations of hepatitis B virus surface antibody (anti-HBs), the serologic marker of immunologic protection (5-7). Although antibody levels in many participants were below the level considered protective, most individuals likely remained immune, as shown by the infrequent serologic evidence of hepatitis B virus infection. Furthermore, individuals with evidence of breakthrough infection (the presence of antibody to hepatitis B virus core antigen [anti-HBc]) did not develop acute symptomatic or chronic HBV infection if they responded to the primary vaccine series (5).Individuals with undetectable levels of anti-HBs may retain HBV-specific immune memory. Humoral evidence of immune memory in previously vaccinated persons is demonstrable by administering a single challenge dose of vaccine and measuring the anti-HBs response. A rapid increase in anti-HBs titers represents an anamnestic response and indicates the presence of HBV-specific immune memory (3,4,8). We previously reported anti-HBs responses after administration of a booster dose of hepatitis B vaccine among children and adolescents aged 7 to 14 years who were born to HBsAg-negative women in Anchorage, Alaska, were vaccinated starting at birth, and had no HBsAg-positive persons living in their household at that time (9). Although the majority of participants had no serologic evidence of protective immunity at baseline, the absence of symptomatic or chronic infections and the presence of anamnestic responses to a challenge dose indicated that immune memory remained intact for most participants (9). Our aim was to determine the persistence of markers of HBV immunity in these individuals 7 to 9 years after they received a hepatitis B vaccine booster. MATERIALS AND METHODSParticipants. All participants were part of the original "Youth Hepatitis B Protection Study" consisting of 389 children of HBsAg-negative mothers who received three doses of hepatitis B vaccine starting at birth followed...

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Impact of universal vaccination programmes on the epidemiology of hepatitis B: 10 years of experience in Italy

Cited by 89 publications

References 14 publications

Hepatitis B marker seroprevalence and vaccination coverage in adolescents in the City of Itajaí, State of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, in 2008

Hepatitis B marker seroprevalence and vaccination coverage in adolescents in the City of Itajaí, State of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, in 2008

High prevalence of hepatitis B virus among female sex workers in Nigeria

Hepatitis B Virus Antibody Levels 7 to 9 Years after Booster Vaccination in Alaska Native Persons

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