Impact of Undervine Management on Vine Growth, Yield, Fruit Composition, and Wine Sensory Analyses in Cabernet franc

Karl, Adam; Merwin, Ian A.; Brown, Michael G.; Hervieux, Rebecca A.; Heuvel, Justine E. Vanden

doi:10.5344/ajev.2016.15061

Cited by 24 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In this study on a Scott Henry system, a trellis rake wire that rested below the lower fruiting zone was used to sweep the shoots of the lower half of the canopy upward and secure them temporarily upright, to enable mowing under the vine to restrict cover crop height after harvest. Karl (2015) calculated the cost of establishment and maintenance of RES and annually seeded white clover (Trifolium repens) cover crops to be only $84 and $169 per hectare, respectively. If fruit yield is not impacted, such as in this study and in the study by Centinari et al (2015), cost of production could be maintained or even reduced for the grower with adoption of an under-vine cover crops compared with a conventional herbicide, Table 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…even if mowing was required. However, if cover crops reduced vine growth and yield such as in the study by Karl (2015), the revenue per acre would be reduced. In a particularly dry year or in drought conditions where soil moisture may be depleted, water may become limiting to vine production, and there may be a greater risk for under-vine cover crops to induce sufficient competition to lower yields and revenue.…”

Section: Uvt Zmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Very few studies have specifically examined the use of annual cover crops planted directly beneath vines. The only two reports from the northeastern United States where the hilling up practice occurs exclusively examined the red wine grape 'Cabernet franc' (Centinari et al, 2015;Karl, 2015), but with inconsistent results. Annual under-vine cover crops reduced vine growth and yields as observed in the study by Karl (2015), but were not found to have any effect in the study by Centinari et al (2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only two reports from the northeastern United States where the hilling up practice occurs exclusively examined the red wine grape 'Cabernet franc' (Centinari et al, 2015;Karl, 2015), but with inconsistent results. Annual under-vine cover crops reduced vine growth and yields as observed in the study by Karl (2015), but were not found to have any effect in the study by Centinari et al (2015). There has been no research on how under-vine cover crops may affect white wine grape production systems, including 'Riesling' vineyards, which are very important for commercial wine production in the northeastern United States.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Annual Under-vine Cover Crops Did Not Impact Vine Growth or Fruit Composition of Mature Cool-climate ‘Riesling’ Grapevines

Jordan

Björkman

Heuvel

2016

hortte

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In the cool and humid climate of the northeastern United States, vegetation is typically maintained between the rows of wine grape (Vitis vinifera) vineyards, but the area directly beneath vines is conventionally kept bare using herbicides or cultivation, to reduce competition for water and nutrients. Yet with rising concerns of herbicide resistance, environmental contamination, and soil erosion, alternatives to maintaining bare ground in vineyards should be considered. In warmer and more arid climates, using cover crops as an alternative to bare soil has sometimes resulted in reduced vine growth and yields. In more cool and humid climates, like in the northeastern United States, where conditions can promote excessive vine growth, replacing bare soil with under-vine cover crops was hypothesized to improve vine growth characteristics and fruit quality from reducing excessive vigor. This study compared three annual under-vine cover crops of resident vegetation (RES), buckwheat (BW) (Fagopyrum esculentum), and annual ryegrass (ARG) (Lolium multiflorum), planted in the 1-m-wide strip directly under vines at the start of each growing season, against the conventional weed-free under-vine row maintained with glyphosate. The experiment was established in 2011 and repeated in 2012 and 2013 in a 20-year-old block of ‘Riesling’ wine grapes (clone 198 on S04 rootstock) in a commercial vineyard in the Finger Lakes region of New York State. Harvested grapes were fermented in duplicate using standard white wine procedures. Among the four under-vine treatments, no significant differences were found in measures of vegetative growth, yield, petiole nutrient concentrations at veraison, or predawn and midday stem water potentials. Under-vine treatments were not found to significantly affect soil organic matter, aggregate stability, and nutrient concentrations. Juice characteristics were also not significantly different among treatments. In this study, the mature vines in this rain-fed ‘Riesling’ vineyard likely had a well-developed and extensive rooting system that was able to overcome any competition effects for water or nutrients from the comparatively shallow root systems of the annually established cover crops. Without any induced competition in the conditions of this study, under-vine cover crops had no effects on vine growth, yield, or juice characteristics when compared with conventional herbicide use in the under-vine row. When multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis was used to determine differences in aroma among wine treatment replicates, treatments were found to significantly impact the perceived aromatic properties of the wines, even though no measures of growth or juice characteristics were affected. Using under-vine vegetation may be a viable alternative to conventional herbicide use for vineyard floor management in mature wine grape vineyards in cool and humid climates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Uvt Zmentioning

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Annual Under-vine Cover Crops Did Not Impact Vine Growth or Fruit Composition of Mature Cool-climate ‘Riesling’ Grapevines

Jordan

Björkman

Heuvel

2016

hortte

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“…Data collected on the impact of undervine groundcover treatments on the grapevine growth, yield and the sensory qualities of wines can be found in the work of Karl (2015) and Karl et al (2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Under-vine Management Impacts Soil Properties and Leachate Composition in a New York State Vineyard

Karl¹,

Merwin²,

Brown³

et al. 2016

horts

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Four under-vine management treatments were established in 2011 in a Vitis vinifera L. ‘Cabernet Franc’ vineyard in the Finger Lakes region of New York: cultivation (CULT), native vegetation (NV), white clover Trifolium repens L. (WC), and glyphosate herbicide (GLY) as the control. Previously installed drainage lysimeters were used to monitor nutrient and pesticide concentrations in leachate water samples. Differences in the physical structure of soils among treatments were only observed in the 4th year of the study when the top 6 cm of CULT soils had greater bulk density than the other treatments, and less porosity and available water capacity than WC soils. WC soils had 17% greater organic matter than CULT soils, and 46% greater aggregate stability than GLY soils. Soil microbial respiration was generally greater in NV and WC treatments than GLY and CULT. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leachate concentrations were greater in GLY and CULT compared with NV and WC, having annual mean DOC leachate concentrations as much as 36% greater than the cover crop samples. Mean annual total nitrogen (TN) leachate concentrations of CULT and NV were less than GLY and WC samples by as much as 86%. In 2012, GLY soils leached greater concentrations of imidacloprid insecticide and more imidacloprid metabolites than the other three treatments, with the proportion of samples testing positive for measurable concentrations of imidacloprid or imidacloprid metabolites at least five times greater in GLY than the other treatments. Cumulatively, these factors demonstrate the potential of under-vine cover crops to maintain soil quality and decrease the leaching of nutrients and agrochemicals in vineyards in comparison with conventional practices.

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Rootstock vigor shifts aboveground response to groundcover competition in young grapevines

2019

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Impact of Undervine Management on Vine Growth, Yield, Fruit Composition, and Wine Sensory Analyses in Cabernet franc

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Annual Under-vine Cover Crops Did Not Impact Vine Growth or Fruit Composition of Mature Cool-climate ‘Riesling’ Grapevines

Annual Under-vine Cover Crops Did Not Impact Vine Growth or Fruit Composition of Mature Cool-climate ‘Riesling’ Grapevines

Under-vine Management Impacts Soil Properties and Leachate Composition in a New York State Vineyard

Rootstock vigor shifts aboveground response to groundcover competition in young grapevines

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