Impact of type 1 diabetes mellitus on academic performance

Meo, Sultan Ayoub; Alkahlan, Mohammad Abdulaziz; Al-mubarak, Mohammed Abdulrahman; Al-obayli, Mohammed Saad; Melaibary, Bader Abdullah; Dous, Abdullah Nasser Bin; Alhassoun, Asim Ibrahim

doi:10.1177/0300060513483417

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although this is justified through the impact of these tests on adult life chances, this criteria excluded studies which have otherwise suitable study designs for exploring the association between diabetes and educational outcomes, such as Cooper et al 7. This restriction also excluded studies which lack national standardised testing or administrative data records, either because they considered cohorts prior to such testing regimes33 or were studies from countries without such testing regimes 34 35…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, other diagnosed (or undiagnosed) comorbidities within this cohort may affect educational attainment and should be taken into consideration. For example, Meo et al 35 exclude cases with a range of health conditions (reported tobacco use, gross anaemia, tuberculosis, rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, vision problems, hearing problems or behavioural problems, use of any medication or hospital admissions other than for diabetes mellitus) to reduce the effect of other comorbidities within the cohort. An alternative to matching with healthy controls is to compare attainment for children with T1DM with children with other health conditions, in order to evaluate the mechanisms through which diabetes affects attainment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus and educational attainment in childhood: a systematic review

et al. 2020

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ObjectivesThe primary objective of this systematic review was to evaluate available literature on whether type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has an impact on educational attainment in individuals undertaking high stakes standardised testing at the end of compulsory schooling.DesignA systematic review was undertaken comparing educational attainment for individuals with and without T1DM who have undertaken high stakes testing at the end of compulsory schooling.Data sourcesA comprehensive search of MEDLINE, MEDLINE (epub ahead of print, in-process and other non-indexed citations), EMBASE, Web of Science, British Education Index, Education Resources Information Center and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature was undertaken on 15 January 2018 and updated on 17 January 2019.Eligibility criteriaIncluded studies fulfilled the following criteria: observational study or randomised controlled trial; included individuals who have undertaken high stakes testing at the end of compulsory schooling; compared the grades obtained by individuals with T1DM with a representative population control.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers performed study selection and data extraction independently. Quality and risk of bias in the observational studies included were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A detailed narrative synthesis of the included studies was completed.Results3103 articles were identified from the database search, with two Swedish cohort studies (using the same linked administrative data) meeting final inclusion criteria. A small but statistically significant difference was reported in mean final grades, with children with T1DM found to have lower mean grades than their non-diabetic counterparts (adjusted mean difference 0.07–0.08).ConclusionsMore contemporary research is required to evaluate the impact of T1DM in childhood on educational attainment in individuals undertaking high stakes standardised testing at the end of compulsory schooling, taking into consideration the substantial advances in management of T1DM in the last decade.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017084078.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 1 diabetes mellitus and educational attainment in childhood: a systematic review

et al. 2020

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“…Although students with T1DM had a significantly lower academic performance than their non-diabetic classmates [11] (Table 1), they and their unaffected siblings had no significant differences on measures of cognitive performance, academic achievement, or speech ability [12] (Table 1).…”

Section: Cognitive Changes In T1dm Patientsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Cognitive Impairments: A Systematic Review

Huang

Gao

2017

JAD

141

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a major subtype of diabetes and is usually diagnosed at a young age with insulin deficiency. The life expectancy of T1DM patients has increased substantially in comparison with that three decades ago due to the availability of exogenous insulin, though it is still shorter than that of healthy people. However, the relation remains unclear between T1DM and dementia as an aging-related disease. We conducted a systematic review of existing literature on T1DM and cognition impairments by carrying out searches in electronic databases Medline, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. We restricted our review to studies involving only human subjects and excluded studies on type 2 diabetes mellitus or non-classified diabetes. A meta-analysis was first performed on the relationship between T1DM and cognitive changes in youths and adults respectively. Then the review focused on the cognitive complications of T1DM and their relation with the characteristics of T1DM, glycemic control, diabetic complications, comorbidities, and others. First, age at onset, disease duration, and glycemic dysregulation were delineated for their association with cognitive changes. Then diabetic ketoacidosis, angiopathy, and neuropathy were examined as diabetic complications for their involvement in cognitive impairments. Lastly, body mass index and blood pressure were discussed for their relations with the cognitive changes. Future studies are needed to elucidate the pathogenesis of T1DM-related cognitive impairments or dementia.

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“…Such conditions, even in the absence of obesity, have been linked to cognitive dysfunction and decreases in brain volume (10)(11)(12)(13). Little research has been done exploring the effects of obesity on brain structure and cognition in obese, but otherwise healthy, individuals.…”

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confidence: 99%

Obesity diminishes synaptic markers, alters microglial morphology, and impairs cognitive function

Bocarsly

Fasolino

Kane

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

205

151

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Obesity is a major public health problem affecting overall physical and emotional well-being. Despite compelling data suggesting an association between obesity and cognitive dysfunction, this phenomenon has received relatively little attention. Neuroimaging studies in obese humans report reduced size of brain regions involved in cognition, but few studies have investigated the cellular processes underlying cognitive decline in obesity or the influence of obesity on cognition in the absence of obesity-related illnesses. Here, a rat model of diet-induced obesity was used to explore changes in brain regions important for cognition. Obese rats showed deficits on cognitive tasks requiring the prefrontal and perirhinal cortex. Cognitive deficits were accompanied by decreased dendritic spine density and synaptic marker expression in both brain regions. Microglial morphology was also changed in the prefrontal cortex. Detrimental changes in the prefrontal cortex and perirhinal cortex occurred before metabolic syndrome or diabetes, suggesting that these brain regions may be particularly vulnerable to early stage obesity.O besity is a growing public health concern, affecting more than one-third of the United States adult population (1). Obesity increases the incidence of diabetes, vascular disease, and mental illness, all of which reduce quality of life and place a heavy financial burden on patients and society. Less recognized consequences of obesity are its deleterious effects on cognitive function. Individual cognitive performance, both rudimentary and scholastic, declines with increases in body mass and energy consumption (2-5). These deficits can be observed throughout life, from childhood to late adulthood. Obesity is also associated with an increased incidence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in the elderly (6).Some evidence suggests that obese individuals have decreased overall brain volume (7), with further studies indicating more specific reductions in the volume of brain regions important for cognition, including the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex (PFC), and anterior cingulate (5,8,9). Few studies, however, have investigated the cellular and biochemical mechanisms that might underlie obesityinduced changes in brain volume and cognitive function.Although clinical studies strongly suggest that obesity produces cognitive impairment and brain atrophy, it is difficult to determine whether these changes arise from obesity itself or from conditions often associated with obesity, like metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and vascular disease. Such conditions, even in the absence of obesity, have been linked to cognitive dysfunction and decreases in brain volume (10-13). Little research has been done exploring the effects of obesity on brain structure and cognition in obese, but otherwise healthy, individuals. To investigate whether obesity in the absence of obvious illness alters brain structure and function, we used a rat model of dietinduced obesity to assess the PFC, the perirhinal cortex (PRC), and the hippocampus...

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Impact of type 1 diabetes mellitus on academic performance

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Type 1 diabetes mellitus and educational attainment in childhood: a systematic review

Type 1 diabetes mellitus and educational attainment in childhood: a systematic review

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Cognitive Impairments: A Systematic Review

Obesity diminishes synaptic markers, alters microglial morphology, and impairs cognitive function

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