Impact of trophic ecologies on the whereabouts of nematodes in soil

Quist, Casper W.

doi:10.18174/403954

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…Opposite to bacteria and fungi (Fierer, Strickland, Liptzin, Bradford, & Cleveland, 2009;Lauber, Hamady, Knight, & Fierer, 2009;Tedersoo et al, 2014), soil characteristics, such as pH and soil moisture, were less important in explaining nematode community composition. Most importantly, stochastic processes may be an important determinant of nematode community composition at local scales (Quist, 2017), partly because taxa of large-sized omnivorous and predatory nematodes generally occur in low abundances . Our selection of collection sites that were mainly situated in riverine areas was aimed at minimizing variation in soil conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various factors could have contributed to this result. Most importantly, stochastic processes may be an important determinant of nematode community composition at local scales (Quist, 2017), partly because taxa of large-sized omnivorous and predatory nematodes generally occur in low abundances (Quist et al, 2017). This is further strengthened by strong spatial and temporal dynamics in nematode distribution on local scales (Ettema, Rathbun, & Coleman, F I G U R E 6 Absolute abundances (number of individuals per 100 g dry soil) of four root-feeding nematode types in rhizosphere samples of four pairs of congeneric native (left) and rangeexpanding (right) species in southern (S: Greece and Montenegro; only Geranium and Tragopogon) and central (C: Slovenia and Austria; all plant genera) original range soils and in northern range soils (N: Central-West Germany and the Netherlands; all plant genera).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Latitudinal variation in soil nematode communities under climate warming‐related range‐expanding and native plants

Wilschut

Geisen

Martens

et al. 2019

Global Change Biology

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Current climate change has led to latitudinal and altitudinal range expansions of numerous species. During such range expansions, plant species are expected to experience changes in interactions with other organisms, especially with belowground biota that have a limited dispersal capacity. Nematodes form a key component of the belowground food web as they include bacterivores, fungivores, omnivores and root herbivores. However, their community composition under climate change‐driven intracontinental range‐expanding plants has been studied almost exclusively under controlled conditions, whereas little is known about actual patterns in the field. Here, we use novel molecular sequencing techniques combined with morphological quantification in order to examine nematode communities in the rhizospheres of four range‐expanding and four congeneric native species along a 2,000 km latitudinal transect from South‐Eastern to North‐Western Europe. We tested the hypotheses that latitudinal shifts in nematode community composition are stronger in range‐expanding plant species than in congeneric natives and that in their new range, range‐expanding plant species accumulate fewest root‐feeding nematodes. Our results show latitudinal variation in nematode community composition of both range expanders and native plant species, while operational taxonomic unit richness remained the same across ranges. Therefore, range‐expanding plant species face different nematode communities at higher latitudes, but this is also the case for widespread native plant species. Only one of the four range‐expanding plant species showed a stronger shift in nematode community composition than its congeneric native and accumulated fewer root‐feeding nematodes in its new range. We conclude that variation in nematode community composition with increasing latitude occurs for both range‐expanding and native plant species and that some range‐expanding plant species may become released from root‐feeding nematodes in the new range.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Latitudinal variation in soil nematode communities under climate warming‐related range‐expanding and native plants

Wilschut

Geisen

Martens

et al. 2019

Global Change Biology

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“…Netherlands uses up to 60% of its land for agriculture, and only slightly above 12% of the country is considered to be woodland or nature (CBS, 2016). To prevent bias towards one or another habitat (Fridley et al, 2007), the preliminary set was made out of no more than 10 sites per land use/soil texture category (Table 1; resulting in a total of 229 sites), under the assumption that different soil textures and land use types and management styles (organic vs. conventional) provide distinct habitats for soil life (Freckman & Ettema, 1993;de Goede & Bongers, 1994;Jiao et al, 2015;Quist, 2017;Quist et al, 2016).…”

Section: Realized Niche Widthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of increasing land use intensity on soil nematodes: A turn towards specialism

et al. 2019

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The ecosystem services that humans obtain from the soil are strongly linked to the soil's biota. There is ample evidence that intensive agriculture has a negative effect on the soil's biological diversity. While in other ecosystems, habitat specialists are at a higher risk of extinction due to human impacts than generalists, we have no evidence of whether this holds true for soil biota. We calculated the realized niche width for soil nematodes using co‐occurrence data. We compared these with ecological traits. We then calculated an index of community specialization and tested whether land use intensity leads to decreases in the index of community specialization, taxon richness, diversity and to changes in nematode abundance. The resulting realized niche widths did not correlate with ecological traits such as feeding group, body mass or c‐p class. While it is possible that there are no relationships between these traits and the realized niche width, it is likelier that food availability, pH tolerance, or host breadth are more important factors in explaining niche width. Contrary to our expectations, the lowest community specialization levels were found in soils with the lowest human intervention (shrubland–woodland ecosystems), while grasslands, dairy farms and arable farms had an overall higher level of specialization. Weather variables and land use intensity explained 66% of the variation in the index of community specialization in sandy soils. We found highest richness and diversity at intermediate levels of disturbance (grasslands and dairy farms). The lowest abundances were found on shrubland–woodland systems. Dairy farms on sand and clay had similar indices of community specialization, whereas peaty soils fostered a higher proportion of habitat specialists. We argue that farmland supposes a stable environment for organisms with shorter life spans. Agricultural management strives to lower disturbances, allowing shorter lived organisms to escape pressures otherwise present in nature, such as drought or nutrient deficiencies during the growing season. In very disturbed systems, however, specialists may also suffer from negative effects of land use intensity. This co‐occurrence method to assess niche width opens the door to estimating the soil community's niche breadth, for which resource‐based methods are difficult to implement. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

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“…The Netherlands uses up to 60% of its land for agriculture, and only slightly above 12% of the country is considered to be woodland or nature (CBS 2016). To prevent bias towards one or another habitat (Fridley et al 2007) the preliminary set was made out of no more than 10 sites per land use/soil texture category (Table S1; resulting in a total of 229 sites), under the assumption that different soil textures and land use types and management styles (organic vs. conventional) provide distinct habitats for soil life (Freckman and Ettema 1993;Jiao et al 2015;de Goede and Bongers 1994;Quist 2017;Quist et al 2016).…”

Section: Realised Niche Widthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fate of biological soil quality : Functional diversity and realised niche width

Martín

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The ecosystem services that humans obtain from the soil are strongly linked to the soil's biota. There is ample evidence that intensive agriculture has a negative effect on the soil's biological diversity. While in other ecosystems habitat specialists are at a higher risk of extinction due to human impacts than generalists, we have no evidence of whether this holds true for soil biota. We calculated the realised niche width for soil nematodes using co-occurrence data. We compared these with ecological traits. We then calculated an index of community specialisation and tested whether land use intensity leads to decreases in the index of community specialisation, taxon richness, diversity, and to changes in nematode abundance.The resulting realised niche widths did not correlate with ecological traits such as feeding group, body mass or c-p class. While it is possible that there are no relationships between these traits and the realised niche width, it is likelier that food availability, pH tolerance, or host breadth are more important factors in explaining niche width.Contrary to our expectations, the lowest community specialisation levels were found in soils with the lowest human intervention (shrubland-woodland ecosystems), while grasslands, dairy farms, and arable farms had an overall higher level of specialisation. Weather variables and land use intensity explained 66% of the variation in the index of community specialisation in sandy soils. We found highest richness and diversity at intermediate levels of disturbance (grasslands and dairy farms). The lowest abundances were found on shrubland-woodland systems. Dairy farms on sand and clay had similar indices of community specialisation, whereas peaty soils fostered a higher proportion of habitat specialists.We argue that farmland supposes a stable environment for organisms with shorter lifespans. Agricultural management strives to lower disturbances, allowing shorter lived organisms to escape pressures otherwise present in nature, such as drought or nutrient deficiencies during the growing season. In very disturbed systems, however specialists may also suffer from negative effects of land use intensity.This co-occurrence method to assess niche width opens the door to estimating the soil community's niche breadth, for which resource-based methods are difficult to implement.

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Impact of trophic ecologies on the whereabouts of nematodes in soil

Cited by 3 publications

References 103 publications

Latitudinal variation in soil nematode communities under climate warming‐related range‐expanding and native plants

Latitudinal variation in soil nematode communities under climate warming‐related range‐expanding and native plants

The effects of increasing land use intensity on soil nematodes: A turn towards specialism

The fate of biological soil quality : Functional diversity and realised niche width

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