Impact of triclosan adaptation on membrane properties, efflux and antimicrobial resistance of <i>Escherichia coli</i>
 clinical isolates

Sonbol, Fatma Ibrahim; El-Banna, Tarek; El-Aziz, Ahmed Abd; Elekhnawy, Engy

doi:10.1111/jam.14158

Cited by 30 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Under triclosan stimulation, increased efflux pump activity of the isolates were found in our study, and the expression levels of ABC transporters system encoding genes ydcT, ydcU, ydcV, ydcS, and cysU and RND-type tolc encoding genes acrB, acrD and yihV, as well as mdfA gene which belonging to MFS family had a significant increase compared with ATCC 25922, which were consistent with a previous study in China [23]. In contrast to previous studies we did not observed any increase in the expression levels of other efflux pump encoding genes as evidenced by Sonbol and Curiao et al [15,21], maybe it can be understood that ABC transport efflux pump, RND-type tolc and MFS family activity a stronger advantage than others during making adaptive changes of the studied isolates to triclosan [15,21]. All in all, we found that there was a strong relationship between gene overexpression and the increased tolerance of E. coli against triclosan, which suggested multiple efflux pumps may synergistically mediate triclosan resistance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In our study, 200 E. coli isolates were collected from patients with UTIs, and only five triclosanresistant strains (2.5%, 5/200) were selected, the rate of which was lower than the previous report [19]. These triclosan-resistant strains, rather than susceptible strains, were characterized by a MDR profiles, we supposed that there may be a cross-resistance between triclosan and antibiotics in E. coli based on previous studies [20,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Overexpression of target enzyme gene fabI and efflux pump decrease triclosan susceptibility in Escherichia coli

Zeng

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Escherichia coli isolates, the most opportunistic pathogen in the gut, are responsible for the most acquired infections. Triclosan is an effective disinfectant for inhibits microorganisms, but its widespread use causes its residue in urine, resulting in long-term exposure of E. coli in the intestine to triclosan environment and increasing triclosan resistance. We aim to provide the mechanism of action of E. coli isolates against triclosan and the molecular epidemiological analysis of triclosan-resistant strains.Results: Five triclosan-resistant isolates were screened out from 200 E. coli isolates by agar dilution method by to further study, interestingly, multidrug-resistant and cross-resistance phenotypes were observed in triclosan-resistant strains, but not in susceptible strains, and all except one exhibited an inhibition of efflux pump activity by efflux pump inhibition testing. Furthermore, compared with susceptible E. coli strain ATCC 25922, except fabI, increased expression were also found in efflux pump encoding genes ydcV, ydcU, ydcS, ydcT, cysP, yihV, acrB, acrD and mdfA in studied strains which had different PFGE patterns and STs types.Conclusions: These findings indicated that triclosan resistance in E. coli were mainly involved by overexpression of fabI gene, and there was a close association between overexpression of efflux pump with reducing susceptibility to triclosan. Besides, we described cross-resistance between triclosan and antibiotics may be related to the exposure time of triclosan.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Overexpression of target enzyme gene fabI and efflux pump decrease triclosan susceptibility in Escherichia coli

Zeng

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Under triclosan stimulation, increased efflux pump activity of the isolates were found in our study, and the expression levels of ABC transporters system encoding genes ydcT, ydcU, ydcV, ydcS, and cysU and RND-type tolc encoding genes acrB, acrD and yihV, as well as mdfA gene which belonging to MFS family had a significant increase compared with ATCC 25922, which were consistent with a previous study in China [29]. In contrast to previous studies, we did not observed any increase in the expression levels of other efflux pump encoding genes, maybe it can be understood that ABC transport efflux pump, RND-type tolc and MFS family activity a stronger advantage than others during making adaptive changes of the studied isolates to triclosan [17,22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Based on the obtained phenomena and previous reports, we thought that the emergence or evolution of multiple or cross-resistance is related to the exposure time of triclosan, which provided a sufficient evidence for clinical practice to avoid long-term use of triclosan [22,26]. Moreover, it is worth noting that significantly reduced triclosan sensitivity was found by serial passage experiment, which provided a beneficial guidance for reasonable use of triclosan, including concentration and dosage, in order to prevent the increase resistance of pathogens to triclosan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

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The prevalence and mechanism of triclosan resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from urine samples in Wenzhou, China

Zeng

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Widespread use of triclosan has been reported to cause its residue in urine, which provides an environment of long-term exposure to triclosan for intestinal Escherichia coli. We aimed to determine the triclosan and antibiotic resistance characteristics of Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine, and further investigate the resistance mechanism and molecular epidemic characteristics of triclosan resistant Escherichia coli isolates. Methods A total of 200 non-repetitive E. coli strains from urine samples were obtained and identified. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of triclosan and antibiotics, fabI mutation, efflux pump activity, expression of 14 efflux pump encoding genes and epidemiological characteristics were detected with agar dilution method, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) inhibition test, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in all triclosan resistant isolates. Furthermore, we also investigated the effect of triclosan exposure in vitro on resistance in susceptible strains by serial passage experiment. Results Of 200 E. coli isolates, 2.5% (n = 5) were resistant to triclosan, multidrug resistance (MDR) and cross-resistance phenotypes were observed in these resistant strains, but not in susceptible strains. We did not observe any sense mutations within fabI gene in triclosan resistant strains. Moreover, except DC8603, all the others enhanced efflux pumps activity. Compared with ATCC 25922, except fabI, increased expression were also found in efflux pump encoding genes ydcV, ydcU, ydcS, ydcT, cysP, yihV, acrB, acrD and mdfA in studied strains with different PFGE patterns and STs types. Surprised, 5 susceptible E. coli isolates increased rapidly triclosan resistance only 4 days after exposure to subinhibitory triclosan concentration in vitro. Conclusions Our study is the first to be reported that short-term triclosan exposure in vitro increases triclosan resistance in susceptible E. coli isolates. Once strains have acquired resistance, they usually present MDR or cross-resistance phenotypes. Besides, our findings indicate that triclosan resistance were mainly involved by fabI overexpression in E. coli, and there was a close association between overexpression of efflux pumps with triclosan resistance.

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Helicobacter pylori in the post-antibiotics era: from virulence factors to new drug targets and therapeutic agents

Al-Fakhrany,

Elekhnawy

2023

Arch Microbiol

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Helicobacter pylori is considered one of the most prevalent human pathogenic microbes globally. It is the main cause of a number of gastrointestinal ailments, including peptic and duodenal ulcers, and gastric tumors with high mortality rates. Thus, eradication of H. pylori is necessary to prevent gastric cancer. Still, the rise in antibiotic resistance is the most important challenge for eradication strategies. Better consideration of H. pylori virulence factors, pathogenesis, and resistance is required for better eradication rates and, thus, prevention of gastrointestinal malignancy. This article is aimed to show the role of virulence factors of H. pylori. Some are involved in its survival in the harsh environment of the human gastric lumen, and others are related to pathogenesis and the infection process. Furthermore, this work has highlighted the recent advancement in H. pylori treatment, as well as antibiotic resistance as a main challenge in H. pylori eradication. Also, we tried to provide an updated summary of the evolving H. pylori control strategies and the potential alternative drugs to fight this lethal resistant pathogen. Recent studies have focused on evaluating the efficacy of alternative regimens (such as sequential, hybrid, concomitant treatment, vonoprazan (VPZ)-based triple therapy, high-dose PPI-amoxicillin dual therapy, probiotics augmented triple therapy, or in combination with BQT) in the effective eradication of H. pylori. Thus, innovating new anti-H. pylori drugs and establishing H. pylori databanks are upcoming necessities in the near future.

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Impact of triclosan adaptation on membrane properties, efflux and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli clinical isolates

Cited by 30 publications

References 33 publications

Overexpression of target enzyme gene fabI and efflux pump decrease triclosan susceptibility in Escherichia coli

Overexpression of target enzyme gene fabI and efflux pump decrease triclosan susceptibility in Escherichia coli

The prevalence and mechanism of triclosan resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from urine samples in Wenzhou, China

Helicobacter pylori in the post-antibiotics era: from virulence factors to new drug targets and therapeutic agents

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