Impact of trees and forests on the Devonian landscape and weathering processes with implications to the global Earth's system properties - A critical review

Pawlik, Łukasz; Buma, Brian; Šamonil, Pavel; Kvaček, Jiřı́; Gałązka, Anna; Kohout, Petr; Malik, Ireneusz

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103200

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…2010), the development of vascular land plants (Pawlik et al . 2020), exceptional sea‐level highstands, widespread epicontinental shallow seas, greenhouse climates (Tinn et al . 2020) and several anoxic/hypoxic events and rapid sea level fluctuations (House 2002; Becker et al .…”

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confidence: 99%

Morphological disparity trends in Devonian trilobites from North Africa

2022

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The Devonian was a time of drastic environmental change that shaped the morphology of trilobites. This study aims to investigate their morphological evolution and to show the influence of some abiotic and biotic factors (bathymetry, feeding habits and visual abilities) on their shape. A dataset was compiled to investigate the shape of three structures (cephalon as a whole, central part of the cephalon, and pygidium) of Devonian trilobites from North Africa, using a geometric morphometric approach. Based on empirical morphospaces, the morphological changes were quantified through the Devonian stages. The results reveal important variations in the morphological disparity of the glabella shape, the facial suture location, the pygidial length and the presence of spines. In the Lochkovian, morphological disparity was low, subsequently increased in the Pragian with numerous innovations, and reached a maximum in the Emsian. If the morphospace occupancy remained until the Eifelian, a severe loss of disparity occurred in the Givetian, a time known for important environmental changes. Disparity then remained low in the Late Devonian. The shapes inherited from the Silurian persisted throughout the Devonian whereas Pragian novelties were most affected by losses. These persistent shapes were more versatile for environmental adaptation, helping those trilobites to survive the environmental events. Similarly, the trilobite orders that survived Devonian events had a wide morphological spectrum and were better adapted to withstand environmental change.

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confidence: 99%

Morphological disparity trends in Devonian trilobites from North Africa

2022

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“…This success would result in the release of nutrients into shallow marine systems. Volcanogenic and biogenic eutrophication are known influencing factors of the FF extinction [48,56,57].…”

Section: (C) Influence Of Floral Survival Dynamics On Global Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survivorship dynamics of the flora of Devonian Angarida

2023

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Devonian plants in Siberia present protracted pioneer succession. Research into the survivorship dynamics of early plant communities upon the palaeocontinent Angarida have demonstrated that transgression and volcanogenic nutrient influx were key to the survival of colonizing plants. Taxic proportions show that migrating taxa entered Angarida from the southwest, Kuznetsk and Minusinsk basins, dispersing across the continent in waves through central areas northwards. The patterns of dispersal are consistent throughout the Devonian. Increased nutrient load from the active pulses of the Viluy-Yakutsk Large Igneous Province, biogeomorphic ecosystem engineering and the increased biomass of Angaridan plants are assisted by Late Devonian transgression. These cumulative factors can be linked to the Late Devonian marine extinctions observed in Siberia.

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“…Analysing the evolution of the fluvial landscapes over the past 250 million years, Gibling and Davies (2012) reported that before vegetation covered Earth (Ordovician period), rivers were mainly large braided systems with unstable banks. Although the cohesiveness of sediments on the banks caused some rivers to meander even before the evolution of terrestrial plants (e.g., Lapôtre et al, 2019;Pawlik et al, 2020), the growing and pervasive effect of vegetation on Earth likely shifted rivers to island braided and meandering patterns. Ielpi and Lapotre (2019) recently showed that the migration of meanders in alluvial rivers is reduced tenfold in vegetated environments.…”

Section: The Morphological Role Of Vegetation In Braided Riversmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of vegetation and large wood on the topographic characteristics of braided river systems

2020

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Riparian vegetation and large wood play a crucial role in shaping rivers. On the one hand, vegetation tends to increase bank stability, reduce channel width and reduce the braiding index in gravel-bed rivers.Conversely, large wood tends to increase channel dynamics and promote avulsions. The effects of vegetation and large wood have been rarely simulated together in flume experiments. In this paper we present a series of experimental runs conducted in a large flume facility, using cylindrical wooden dowels and alfalfa seedlings to represent logs and vegetation, respectively, in order to investigate their role on determining the topographical nature of braided river systems. A terrestrial laser scanner was used to measure in detail the topography of the channels and bars, and distribution of the elevations and secondorder structure functions were used to explore the topography that large wood and vegetation imposed on the braided pattern in the flumes. Results show that vegetation reduced the braiding index and produced wider and deeper channels. The standard deviation of the bed elevations was higher than in flumes without vegetation. Large wood alone was not effective in changing the braiding index or the standard deviation of the elevations. When vegetation and large wood acted together in the flume, the braiding index reached a minimum value, and the skewness of the distribution of elevation increased, revealing shallower pools if compared with runs conducted with only vegetation.

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Impact of trees and forests on the Devonian landscape and weathering processes with implications to the global Earth's system properties - A critical review

Cited by 34 publications

References 187 publications

Morphological disparity trends in Devonian trilobites from North Africa

Morphological disparity trends in Devonian trilobites from North Africa

Survivorship dynamics of the flora of Devonian Angarida

The role of vegetation and large wood on the topographic characteristics of braided river systems

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