Impact of traffic volumes on levels, patterns, and toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in roadside soils

Kim, Seong-Joon; Park, Minkyu; Lee, Sungeun; Go, Hye-Jung; Cho, Byung-Chae; Lee, Yoonse; Choi, Sung-Deuk

doi:10.1039/c8em00532j

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Inter-site comparisons are somewhat scarcer for PAHs, and their conclusions are non-concordant as well. Kim et al (2019) evidenced a positive correlation between PAHs concentrations in roadside soil and traffic density, however the values fell within a narrow range (∑ 16 PAHs between 0.3-1.8 mg/kg) compared to other studiescf. the data synthesized by Marusenko et al (2011).…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…PAH concentrations did not exhibit the same dependence on road traffic as copper and zinc. As a reminder, not all examined studies mentioned traffic density as a significant factor influencing PAH contamination either (Kim et al, 2019;Kumar and Kothiyal, 2012;Marusenko et al, 2011). Another remarkable difference with metals was that the contamination levels across all study sites displayed a noticeably lower variability at 0-0.3 m than at 2-3 m (Fig.…”

Section: Case Of Pahsmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Intra- and inter-site variability of soil contamination in road shoulders – Implications for maintenance operations

Tedoldi

Charafeddine

Branchu³

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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This study addresses soil contamination in vegetated road shoulders with diffuse inflow of runoff. It aims (i) to characterize the spatial distribution of three metals (copper, lead, zinc) and PAHs, and (ii) to identify influencing factors for the inter-site differences. An extensive sampling campaign was carried out on forty road segments in the Paris region, targeting various distances and soil depths. Copper and zinc contamination was found to be mainly restricted to the first 30 cm from the road, where their concentrations ranged respectively between 40-270 mg.kg-1 and 150-950 mg.kg-1 (with a few additional extreme values related to the presence of a galvanized steel guardrail). Lead contamination was moderate (< 100 mg.kg-1 in more than 75% of the sites) and relatively uniform across the width of the shoulders. Conversely, highest PAH concentrations were found further from the road. These differences between contaminants were likely due to the varying importance of wet weather-related processes and atmospheric transport in their dispersion mechanisms. Copper and zinc concentrations correlated well with the traffic density, which alone explained ≥ 69% of the inter-site variability, whereas lead and PAHs did not exhibit such dependence. Soil organic matter was found to control the "ceiling" concentration of metals, thus limiting the maximum amounts that can be intercepted from road runoff. These results illustrate the feasibility of estimating contamination levels on road shoulders, and thus offer interesting perspectives for better consideration of the infrastructures' maintenance needs and improved routine operations.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Section: Case Of Pahsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Intra- and inter-site variability of soil contamination in road shoulders – Implications for maintenance operations

Tedoldi

Charafeddine

Branchu³

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Among the heavier PAHs, benzo[g,h,i]perylene and indeno[1,2,3cd]pyrene show concentrations above the LODs. Generally, these two pollutants are related to diesel vehicular emissions [46][47][48][49][50][51][52] whereas the petrol vehicle emissions are characterized by B[a]P and dibenzo [ah]anthracene emissions [53][54][55][56][57]. For coal combustion, the PAHs profiles are generally characterized by a high presence of fluoranthene, pyrene, phenanthrene and anthracene, to which the chrysene and the isomer of benzo[k]fluorantene are added [58][59][60][61].…”

Section: Organic Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM10 and PM2.5 Qualitative Source Apportionment Using Selective Wind Direction Sampling in a Port-Industrial Area in Civitavecchia, Italy

et al. 2020

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The possibility to discriminate between different emission sources and between natural and anthropogenic contributions is a key issue for planning efficient air pollution reduction and mitigation strategies. Moreover, the knowledge of the particulate matter (PM) chemical composition for the different size fractions is recognized as increasingly important, in particular with respect to health effects of exposed population. This study is focused on the characterization of PM10 and PM2.5 main sources located in the Civitavecchia harbor-industrial area (Central Italy), namely a large coal-fired power plant, a natural gas power plant, the harbor area, the vehicular traffic (due to both the local traffic and the highway crossing the area) and small industrial activities. The approach was based on PM10/PM2.5 samples monthly collected for one year and a further relative chemical characterization of organic and inorganic fractions. Wind-select sensors, allowing a selective PM10 and PM2.5 sampling downwind to specific emission sources, were used for the overall sampling. This methodology manages to explain specific emission patterns and to assess the concentration levels of the micro pollutants emitted by local sources and particularly toxic for health. A descriptive statistical analysis of data was performed, also verifying the occurrence of legislative threshold exceedances. Moreover, in order to highlight the contribution of specific sources, the differences in the measured micro pollutants concentrations between wind directions, PM size fractions and sampling sites have been investigated, as well as the seasonal trends of pollutants concentrations. These results allow to highlight that the applied methodology represents a valid support in source apportionment studies.

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“…Dermal absorption has also been identified as a major exposure pathway, followed by ingestion and inhalation. In Korea, Kim et al (2019) reported a significant CR (5.50E-06) for roadside soil-bound PAHs with the common exposure routes (dermal absorption > ingestion > inhalation) for the CR levels. The soil in Ulsan industrial areas is six times more carcinogenic compare to the soils from roadside traffic-dense areas as reported by Kim et al, 2019.…”

Section: Human Health Risk Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have focused on the monitoring and distribution of PAHs in agricultural soil, source identification of toxic PAHs, PAH levels in soils in rural, urban, and industrial areas, organic carbon and PAH levels in sediment in coastal areas, and PAH levels in coastal fish. Recently, the CR for roadside soil in traffic-dense regions was investigated (Kim et al, 2019). However, an exhaustive literature review shows that there has been a lack of detailed studies and sensitivity analyses of the CR for sediment-and soil-bound PAHs in coastal and residential areas on the Korean peninsula.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Risk Levels for Sediment- and Soil-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Coastal Areas of South Korea

Roy

Jung

Kim

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The increasing cancer risk (CR) due to sediment- and soil-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is one of the major threats to public health. The CR of sediment- and soil-bound carcinogenic PAHs was estimated for the first time in coastal and residential areas near an industrial zone in Korea. Monte Carlo probabilistic simulations and sensitivity tests were conducted to calculate the CR and to identify the most sensitive parameters. The CR was found to be highest in the coastal areas of Korea. Ulsan, which is located on the southeastern coast of Korea, was classified as a high cancer risk zone according to United States Environmental Protection Agency standards, while the western coast and Mohang Harbor were classified as moderate cancer risk zones. Fish consumption was identified as the main contributor (94–99%) to the total risk levels in the coastal areas. The biota-to-sediment accumulation factor (43–76%) and PAH levels (8–44%) in sediment were identified as the parameters that were most sensitive to the CR. In the residential area, the CR was found to be within the range of 10–6–10–4, which categorized it as a low cancer risk zone. Furthermore, the CR for residents in the industrial area was estimated to be 12 and 5 times higher than that for residents in the rural and urban areas, respectively. The exposure duration (55–85%) and skin adherence factor for soil (35–42%) were identified as the most sensitive parameters for the overall CR in the residential area. Korea generally has high fish and seafood consumption, which has been recognized as the most significant exposure route for CR in the studied coastal areas. Thus, the consumption of fish and seafood from coastal areas, especially those near Ulsan, might be responsible for the increasing number of cancer patients in Korea.

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Impact of traffic volumes on levels, patterns, and toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in roadside soils

Abstract: The concentrations of ∑16 PAHs and ∑7 carc PAHs in roadside soils were significantly correlated with traffic volumes.

Cited by 27 publications

References 30 publications

Intra- and inter-site variability of soil contamination in road shoulders – Implications for maintenance operations

Intra- and inter-site variability of soil contamination in road shoulders – Implications for maintenance operations

PM10 and PM2.5 Qualitative Source Apportionment Using Selective Wind Direction Sampling in a Port-Industrial Area in Civitavecchia, Italy

Cancer Risk Levels for Sediment- and Soil-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Coastal Areas of South Korea

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