Impact of Trace Elements and Impurities in Technical Zero-Valent Iron Brands on Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Ethenes in Groundwater

Birke, Volker; Schuett, Christine; Burmeier, Harald; Friedrich, H.

doi:10.1201/9781351228886-5

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Even its smooth surface and regular spherical form are possibly not the only reasons for this low efficiency. For a better discussion, data on the thermal treatment of materials during their manufacturing process are needed [18,19,21,43]. The temperature to which a material is heated can significantly influence its reactivity [49][50][51].…”

Section: Molecular Hydrogen Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some general statements occur in the literature on the effects of alloying on the corrosion properties of cast iron and mild steel in water [57,59]. Despite the large number of publications about cast iron and mild steel corrosion, the interaction of the alloying components and impurities has not yet been established; rather, only empirical guides exist [21,34,43,60].…”

Section: Fe 0 Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In testing Fe 0 (cast iron and mild steel) for groundwater remediation, controversial results have been reported [21,43,61]. This is not surprising, since the materials were not selected and tested systematically but, rather, in an arbitrary manner.…”

Section: Fe 0 Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each material is unique in its intrinsic reactivity and so is its efficiency for the treatment of a given polluted water [22,23]. Past efforts to understand the reason for differences in material efficiencies have examined the elemental composition, the metallurgical properties, and the surface properties including the surface area [21,43,68]. The surface of the in situ generated oxide scale has also been examined.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, uranium removal in different Fe 0 /H 2 O systems is used as representative of contaminant removal-based tools to discuss the suitability of H 2 evolution as an alternative tool to assist material selection for field application. Fe 0 materials used for water treatment are not originally manufactured for this purpose [42,43]. Hence, they do not show any compositional characteristics making them particularly suitable for the subsurface applications [17][18][19]21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing the Reactivity of Metallic Iron for Water Treatment: H2 Evolution in H2SO4 and Uranium Removal Efficiency

Ndé-Tchoupé

Gwenzi

et al. 2020

Water

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Metallic iron (Fe0) has been demonstrated as an excellent material for decentralized safe drinking water provision, wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. An open issue for all these applications is the rational material selection or quality assurance. Several methods for assessing Fe0 quality have been presented, but all of them are limited to characterizing its initial reactivity. The present study investigates H2 evolution in an acidic solution (pH 2.0) as an alternative method, while comparing achieved results to those of uranium removal in quiescent batch experiments at neutral pH values. The unique feature of the H2 evolution experiment is that quantitative H2 production ceased when the pH reached a value of 3.1. A total of twelve Fe0 specimens were tested. The volume of molecular H2 produced by 2.0 g of each Fe0 specimen in 560 mL H2SO4 (0.01 M) was monitored for 24 h. Additionally, the extent of U(VI) (0.084 mM) removal from an aqueous solution (20.0 mL) by 0.1 g of Fe0 was characterized. All U removal experiments were performed at room temperature (22 ± 2 °C) for 14 days. Results demonstrated the difficulty of comparing Fe0 specimens from different sources and confirmed that the elemental composition of Fe0 is not a stand-alone determining factor for reactivity. The time-dependent changes of H2 evolution in H2SO4 confirmed that tests in the neutral pH range just address the initial reactivity of Fe0 materials. In particular, materials initially reacting very fast would experience a decrease in reactivity in the long-term, and this aspect must be incorporated in designing novel materials and sustainable remediation systems. An idea is proposed that could enable the manufacturing of intrinsically long-term efficient Fe0 materials for targeted operations as a function of the geochemistry.

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Section: Molecular Hydrogen Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fe 0 Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fe 0 Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing the Reactivity of Metallic Iron for Water Treatment: H2 Evolution in H2SO4 and Uranium Removal Efficiency

Ndé-Tchoupé

Gwenzi

et al. 2020

Water

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Degradation of pharmaceuticals and other emerging pollutants employing bi-metal catalysts/magnesium and/or (green) hydrogen in aqueous solution

Birke,

Singh,

Prang

2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Contaminations by pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and other emerging pollutants in water resources have become a seriously burgeoning issue of global concern in the first third of the twenty-first century. As societal reliance on pharmaceuticals continues to escalate, the inadvertent introduction of these substances into water reservoirs poses a consequential environmental threat. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate reductive degradation, particularly, catalytic hydrogenation regarding model pollutants such as diclofenac (DCF), ibuprofen (IBP), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), or bisphenol-A (BPA), respectively, in aqueous solutions at lab scale. Iron bimetals (zero valent iron, ZVI, and copper, Cu, or nickel, Ni) as well as zero valent magnesium (Mg, ZVM) in combination with rhodium, Rh, or palladium, Pd, as hydrogenation catalysts (HK), were investigated. Studies were executed through various short-term batch experiments, with multiple sample collections, over a total range of 120 min. The results indicated that DCF was attenuated at over 90 % when exposed to Fe-Cu or a Fe-Ni bimetal (applied as a single model pollutant). However, when DCF was part of a mixture alongside with IBP, EE2, and BPA, the attenuation efficacy decreased to 79 % with Fe-Cu and 23 % with Fe-Ni. Conversely, both IBP and BPA exhibit notably low attenuation levels with both bimetals, less than 50 %, both deployed as single substances or in mixtures. No reaction (degradation) products could be identified employing LC-MS, but sometimes a release of the parent pollutant when applying an acetic acid buffer could be noted to a certain extent, suggesting adsorption processes on corrosion products such as iron hydroxide and/or oxides. Surprisingly, Mg in combination with Rh (Rh-HK) or Pd (Pd-HK) showed a significantly rapid decrease in the concentrations of DCF, EE2, and BPA, in part up to approximately 100 %, that is, within a few minutes only in part due to hydrogenation degradation reactions (related reaction products could actually be identified by LC-MS; adsorption processes were not observed here). Moreover, kinetic modeling of the DCF degradation with Mg-Rh-HK was conducted at different temperatures (15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, 35 °C) and varied initial concentrations (2.5 mg/L, 5.0 mg/L, 7.5 mg/L, 10.0 mg/L). The outcomes prove that the degradation of DCF at the Rh-HK’s surface followed a modified first-order kinetics, most probably by catalytic hydrodehalogenation and subsequent hydrogenation of the aromatic moieties (molecular hydrogen was provided by the corrosion of Mg). From the determined reaction rate constants at four different temperatures, the activation energy was estimated to be 59.6 kJ/mol by means of the Arrhenius equation what is in good agreement with similar results reported in the literature. This coupled hydrodehalogenation and hydrogenation approach may be upscaled into a new promising technical process for comprehensively removing such pharmaceuticals and similar pollutants in sewage plants in a single step, furthermore, even in combination with adsorption by activated carbon and/or ozonation which have already been established at some sewage plants in Switzerland and Germany recently.

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Efektywne usuwanie zanieczyszczeń pochodzenia organicznego i nieorganicznego za pomocą kompozytów na bazie nanocząstek zero wartościowego żelaza n-Fe(0)

Foltynowicz

Maranda

Czajka³

et al. 2018

Mater. Wysokoenerg. (High Energy Mater.)

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For almost three decades, engineered nanoparticles (ENM’s) have been the subject of intensive research due to their chemical reactivity and their sorption, catalytic, electronic, optical, magnetic and other unique properties. The results obtained indicate that they provide a new tool for the remediation of contaminated aquatic ecosystems (surface and groundwater), sediments, soil training grounds as well as waste recycling areas, e.g. for electronic. The application of in situ restorative technologies using compositions involving metal nanoparticles, mainly iron nanoparticles (n-ZVI, nano zero-valent iron) is becoming more common. Solutions proposed in a number of publications and patents show the versality, reater efficiency and lower costs of the remediation process, compared with conventional methods.

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Impact of Trace Elements and Impurities in Technical Zero-Valent Iron Brands on Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Ethenes in Groundwater

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Characterizing the Reactivity of Metallic Iron for Water Treatment: H2 Evolution in H2SO4 and Uranium Removal Efficiency

Characterizing the Reactivity of Metallic Iron for Water Treatment: H2 Evolution in H2SO4 and Uranium Removal Efficiency

Degradation of pharmaceuticals and other emerging pollutants employing bi-metal catalysts/magnesium and/or (green) hydrogen in aqueous solution

Efektywne usuwanie zanieczyszczeń pochodzenia organicznego i nieorganicznego za pomocą kompozytów na bazie nanocząstek zero wartościowego żelaza n-Fe(0)

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