Impact of topical oils on the skin barrier: possible implications for neonatal health in developing countries

Darmstadt, Gary L.; Man, Mao‐Qiang; Chi, Emil; Saha, S. K.; Ziboh, Vincent A.; Black, Robert E.; Santosham, Mathuram; Elias, Peter M.

doi:10.1080/080352502753711678

Cited by 122 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The results obtained may have implication for the proposed industrial use of tobacco seed oil for paints or as an alternative diesel fuel (Crawford and Hilditch 1950;Giannelos et al 2002). In addition, the increase of linoleic acid, an essential FA for mammals, in plant seeds has interesting implications in dermatology (Letawe et al 1998;Darmstadt et al 2002) and nutraceutics, since it can be used to produce conjugated or long-chain polyunsaturated FAs (Hornung et al 2004;Graham et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transplastomic tobacco plants expressing a fatty acid desaturase gene exhibit altered fatty acid profiles and improved cold tolerance

Craig¹,

Lenzi²,

Scotti³

et al. 2008

Transgenic Res

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The possibility of altering the unsaturation level of fatty acids in plant lipids by genetic transformation has implications for the stress tolerance of higher plants as well as for their nutritional value and industrial utilisation. While the integration and expression of transgenes in the plastome has several potential advantages over nuclear transformation, very few attempts have been made to manipulate fatty acid biosynthesis using plastid transformation. We produced transplastomic tobacco plants that express a D 9 desaturase gene from either the wild potato species Solanum commersonii or the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans, using PEG-mediated DNA uptake by protoplasts. Incorporation of chloroplast antibioticinsensitive point mutations in the transforming DNA was used to select transformants. The presence of the transcript and the D 9 desaturase protein in transplastomic plants was confirmed by northern and western blot analyses. In comparison with control plants, transplastomic plants showed altered fatty acid profiles and an increase in their unsaturation level both in leaves and seeds. The two transgenes produced comparable results. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of using plastid transformation to engineer lipid metabolic pathways in both vegetative and reproductive tissues and suggest an increase of cold tolerance in transplastomic plants showing altered leaf fatty acid profiles. This is the first example of transplastomic plants expressing an agronomically relevant gene produced with the ''binding-type'' vectors, which do not contain a heterologous marker gene. In fact, the transplastomic plants expressing the S. commersonii gene contain only plant-derived sequences, a clear attraction from a public acceptability perspective.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transplastomic tobacco plants expressing a fatty acid desaturase gene exhibit altered fatty acid profiles and improved cold tolerance

Craig¹,

Lenzi²,

Scotti³

et al. 2008

Transgenic Res

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“…61,67,68 Mustard oil, when applied to a mouse model, was a statistically significant contributor to transepidermal water loss, causing deterioration of skin barrier function. 69 …”

Section: Newborn Is Not Dried or Wrapped Immediatelymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mustard oil, which is the most commonly used oil in South Asia, has been shown to damage skin barrier function, leading to increased transepidermal loss of water and heat. 68,69,80 Although massage with certain emollients may be beneficial, 5,81,82 frequent and prolonged environmental exposure during massage could result in cold stress. Thus, care needs to be taken to limit exposure during the massage process.…”

Section: Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal hypothermia in low resource settings: a review

et al. 2009

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Background: Hypothermia is increasingly recognized as a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in resource poor settings. High prevalence of hypothermia has been reported widely from warmer high mortality regions of Africa and South Asia. The World Health Organization recognizes newborn thermal care as a critical and essential component of essential newborn care; however, hypothermia continues to remain under-documented, under-recognized and under-managed.Objective: This review aims to provide a thorough patho-physioepidemiological discussion of neonatal hypothermia applied to local risk factors within the developing country context with particular emphasis on prevention, recognition and management.Method: All available published literature on neonatal hypothermia relevant to resource poor settings were reviewed. Studies from the developing country settings were primarily reviewed for epidemiology, domiciliary risk factors as well as potential interventions for thermal care.Result and Discussion: Functional integrity and efficiency of biological systems is critically dependent on an optimal and very narrow range of core body temperature. Risk factors for neonatal hypothermia differ markedly within low resource settings. A combination of physiological, behavioral and environmental factors universally put all newborns, irrespective of birth weight, at risk of hypothermia. The knowledge deficit along the continuum from health providers to primary care givers has sustained the silent epidemic of hypothermia. The challenges of recognition, understanding of local risk factors and communication have meant a lack of informed thermal care for newborns. Simple, feasible interventions exist, but need to be applied, based on local risk factors that disrupt the warm chain. Further research is needed to document local risk factors, develop better techniques for recognition, evaluation of thermal care within essential newborn care and communication strategies for program effectiveness. Keywords: hypothermia; skin-to-skin care; warm chain; community; newborn; neonatal health Introduction 'If a definition of life were required, it must be most clearly on that capacity, by which the animal preserves its proper heat under the various degrees of temperature of the medium in which it livesy a few degrees of increase or diminution of the heat of the system, produces disease and death' said James Currie some two centuries ago, recognizing the central importance of temperature regulation in health. 1 Although folklore associated with increased temperature or fever has been recorded throughout history across virtually every culture and civilization, a recognition of hypothermia and its clinical significance, particularly for newborn health is a relatively recent advance. 1,2 Moreover, progress toward thermal care of newborns in developed countries has far outstripped knowledge and practice in developing country settings, where 99% of global neonatal deaths occur. 3,4 Hypothermia during the newborn period is widely regarded as a...

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“…Furthermore, Tegaderm s may be more cost-effective and convenient for use in NICUs when compared to humidified isolettes, though topical oils have also shown promise. 30 A randomized controlled trial would be useful to definitively assess the benefits of using Tegaderm s , as suggested by our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Improved Outcome of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants with Tegaderm® Application to Skin

2005

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Significant fluid and electrolyte disturbances occur in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants in the first few days of life. We investigated the effect of semipermeable polyurethane membrane (Tegaderm s ) applied to the skin shortly after birth on fluid and electrolyte status and the clinical outcome in these infants. STUDY DESIGN:We reviewed charts of ELBW infants (BW<1.0 kg) born during 24 months prior to Tegaderm s application and 19 months after starting Tegaderm s . Data were collected daily from the first week of life and additional clinical morbidities were compared. RESULTS:A total of 39 infants from pre-Tegaderm s period (NOTEG) (mean±SD, BW 756±158 g, GA 26.1±1.9 weeks) were compared to 30 infants with extensive Tegaderm s application to chest, abdomen and extremities (TEG) (BW 802±160 g, GA 26.3±1.8 weeks). The groups were similar in maternal demographics as well as postnatal surfactant use. Throughout the first week of life, serum Na levels, daily fluid intake and daily weight loss were significantly higher in the NOTEG infants (all Pr0.04) while BUN/Serum creatinine levels were similar. Hypernatremia (Na>150 mEq/ l) developed in 51% of NOTEG infants compared to 17% of TEG (P ¼ 0.0005) and daily fluid intake Z170 ml/kg/day was required in 54 vs 13% (P ¼ 0.0008), respectively. The mean time to regain BW was significantly longer in NOTEG vs TEG infants, 20.7±7.4 vs 15.8±6.3 days, respectively (P<0.02). There were no statistical significant differences among the groups in incidence of IVH, NEC, PDA or nosocomial sepsis; however, respiratory outcome was better in TEG infants. They had significantly less BPD (58% in NOTEG vs 22% TEG (P ¼ 0.01)) and fewer infants in the TEG group required supplemental oxygen at discharge (58% vs 22% (P ¼ 0.01)). Survival was significantly higher in TEG 90% vs 64% in NOTEG infants (P ¼ 0.02). CONCLUSIONS:Semipermeable polyurethane membrane application to skin of ELBW infants shortly after birth decreased postnatal fluid and electrolyte disturbances and significantly improved their outcome by reducing severity of lung disease and decreasing mortality.

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Impact of topical oils on the skin barrier: possible implications for neonatal health in developing countries

Cited by 122 publications

References 29 publications

Transplastomic tobacco plants expressing a fatty acid desaturase gene exhibit altered fatty acid profiles and improved cold tolerance

Transplastomic tobacco plants expressing a fatty acid desaturase gene exhibit altered fatty acid profiles and improved cold tolerance

Neonatal hypothermia in low resource settings: a review

Improved Outcome of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants with Tegaderm® Application to Skin

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