Impact of topical anaesthesia on pain alleviation and wound healing in lambs after mulesing

Lomax, Sabrina; Sheil, Meredith; Windsor, Peter

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2008.00285.x

Cited by 66 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, in this study the topical anesthetic was aimed at mitigating the post-operative pain caused by docking. In lambs, topical application of local anesthetic was shown to reduce wound hyperalgesia in response to surgical castration and tail docking (Lomax et al, 2010) and mulesing (Lomax et al, 2008) and reduce the peak cortisol response to surgical castration and tail docking as compared with lambs not given anesthesia (Paull et al, 2009). In this study, applying a short-or long-acting local anesthetic topically onto the tail stump immediately after docking did not reduce the cortisol response as compared with pigs docked without pain relief.…”

Section: Sutherland Davis and Mcglonementioning

confidence: 57%

“…In lambs, local anesthetic applied topically to the scrotum and the tail stump after surgical castration and tail docking reduced wound hyperalgesia (Lomax et al, 2010) and the peak cortisol response (Paull et al, 2009). Furthermore, local anesthetic applied topically after mulesing in lambs reduced indications of primary and secondary hyperalgesia and painrelated behaviors as compared with lambs given a placebo (Lomax et al, 2008). At present, limited data are available with regard to the efficacy of topical application of local anesthetics to reduce the pain associated with tail docking in pigs, but research in lambs suggests that topical application of local anesthetics may provide some pain relief for surgical procedures and therefore is worthwhile evaluating in pigs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of local or general anesthesia on the physiology and behavior of tail docked pigs

Sutherland

Davis

McGlone

2011

Animal

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Tail docking of pigs is a routine procedure on farms to help control tail-biting behavior; however, docking can cause pain. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of local or general anesthesia on the physiology (experiment 1) and behavior (experiment 2) of tail docked pigs. Pigs were allocated to one of six treatment groups: (i) sham docking (CON); (ii) docking using conventional cutting (CUT) with side-cutting pliers; (iii) CUT docking plus local anesthesia injected immediately before docking (LA); (iv) CUT docking plus short-acting local anesthesia applied topically to the tail wound (SHORT); (v) CUT docking plus longacting anesthesia applied topically to the tail wound (LONG) and (vi) CUT docking while the pig was anesthetized with carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ). In experiment 1, blood samples were collected from pigs (10 pigs per treatment) before and 30, 60 and 120 min after docking to measure leukocyte counts and percentages and cortisol concentrations. In experiment 2, the above treatments were repeated (10 pigs per treatment); the percentage of stress vocalizations were recorded during the administration of the treatments and behavior was recorded for up to 120 min after docking or handling. All pigs were weighed before and 24 h after docking and wound healing was recorded until weaning. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was greater (P , 0.05) in CUT, LA, SHORT and LONG compared with CON pigs. At 30 min, cortisol concentrations were greater (P , 0.05) in CUT, LA, LONG and CO 2 compared with CON pigs. Cortisol concentrations did not differ ( P . 0.05) between SHORT and CON pigs 30 min after docking. Cortisol concentrations did not differ (P . 0.05) among pigs given pain relief at the time of docking compared with pigs' docked without pain relief. Body weight change and wound scores did not differ (P . 0.05) among treatments. The percentage of stress vocalizations increased (P , 0.05) in CUT, SHORT and LONG, but not in CON, LA and CO 2 pigs in response to docking or handling. The percentage of time pigs spent lying without contact after docking tended to be greater (P 5 0.06) in CUT pigs compared with all other docking treatments and CON pigs. In this study, none of the anesthesia treatments tested were effective at significantly changing the physiological or behavioral response to tail docking in pigs.

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Section: Sutherland Davis and Mcglonementioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of local or general anesthesia on the physiology and behavior of tail docked pigs

Sutherland

Davis

McGlone

2011

Animal

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“…The long-acting topical anesthetic also contained a vasoconstrictor and an antiseptic, which may account for the differences in wound healing among piglets given the short-v. the long-topical anesthetic after castration. The long-acting topical anesthetic did not cause any delay in wound healing when used in lambs after mulsing; in fact, it increased wound contraction rates in lambs after mulsing compared with lambs mulsed without (Lomax et al, 2008). Even though the delay in wound healing was only slightly increased in SHORT piglets compared to the other castration treatment groups, more research would be required to determine the practicality and efficacy of using this short-acting topical anesthetic to alleviate the pain caused by castration in piglets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…A long-acting topical anesthetic, Tri-Solfen, was chosen because it consists of a fast-acting and long-acting anesthetic as well as a vasoconstrictor, and antiseptic. Tri-Solfen was also shown to be effective in reducing the post-procedural pain caused by surgical castration and tail docking (Paull et al, 2009;Lomax et al, 2010) and museling (Lomax et al, 2008) in lambs. Changes in leukocyte numbers and percentages can occur in response to acute stress in pigs (Hicks et al, 1998;Niekamp et al, 2007;Sutherland et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A topical anesthetic administered (spray or gel) to both the scrotum and the tail stump wound after surgical castration and tail docking in lambs reduced wound hyperanalgesia (Lomax et al, 2010) and the peak cortisol response (Paull et al, 2009) to these procedures as compared with lambs not given the anesthetic. Primary and secondary hyperanalgesia and pain-related behaviors were reduced in lambs given a topical anesthetic after museling as compared to lambs given a placebo (Lomax et al, 2008). Literature in other species suggests that the topical application of a local anesthetic may be an effective and practical method to administer pain relief to piglets after castration on the farm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Physiology and behavior of pigs before and after castration: effects of two topical anesthetics

Sutherland

Davis

Brooks

et al. 2010

Animal

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Surgical castration of male piglets is a common management practice conducted on commercial swine farms to prevent the occurrence of boar taint and aggressive behavior. However, the procedure of surgical castration causes acute pain-induced distress, which is an animal welfare concern. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of two topical anesthetics to alleviate the pain caused by castration in piglets as measured by physiological and behavior indices of stress. At 3 days of age, 40 weight-matched piglets were allocated to one of four treatment groups. Treatments included: (i) sham castration (CON), (ii) surgical castration (CAS), (iii) castration and short-acting local anesthetic applied topically to the castration wound (SHORT) and (iv) castration and long-acting local anesthetic applied topically to the castration wound (LONG). Blood samples were collected from piglets before and 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after castration to measure leukocyte and differential counts and cortisol concentrations. The above experiment was repeated without blood collection and behavior was recorded for 30 min before and 180 min after castration or handling. Stress vocalizations were recorded during castration and handling. All piglets were weighed before and 24 h after castration and wound healing was recorded daily for the first 14 days after castration. Leukocyte counts and differentials did not differ ( P . 0.05) among any of the treatments. Cortisol concentrations were elevated ( P , 0.06) in CAS, SHORT and LONG piglets compared with controls 30 and 60 min after castration. The percentage of stress vocalizations was greater ( P , 0.05) among castrated piglets compared with CON piglets, regardless of anesthetic treatment. Piglets that were castrated and not given a topical anesthetic spent more time ( P , 0.05) lying without contact compared with piglets castrated and given a topical anesthetic, regardless of the topical anesthetic administered. Body weight change did not differ ( P . 0.05) among treatments 24 h after castration or control handling and wound healing scores were greater ( P , 0.05) in SHORT compared with CAS and LONG piglets 9 to 14 days after castration. In this study, the use of a short-or long-acting topical anesthetic was not effective in reducing the pain-induced distress caused by castration in piglets. Further research is needed to evaluate alternative practical methods to reduce the pain caused by the on-farm castration of piglets.

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Pain Management for Ruminants During Common Farm Husbandry Procedures

Stilwell

Windsor

2020

Advances in Animal Health, Medicine and Production

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Impact of topical anaesthesia on pain alleviation and wound healing in lambs after mulesing

Abstract: Tri-Solfen effects rapid and prolonged wound analgesia, reduction in pain-related behaviour and improved wound healing in lambs undergoing routine mulesing, providing effective alleviation of pain associated with routine mulesing in sheep.

Cited by 66 publications

References 45 publications

The effect of local or general anesthesia on the physiology and behavior of tail docked pigs

The effect of local or general anesthesia on the physiology and behavior of tail docked pigs

Physiology and behavior of pigs before and after castration: effects of two topical anesthetics

Pain Management for Ruminants During Common Farm Husbandry Procedures

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