Impact of titanium dioxide on androgen receptors, seminal vesicles and thyroid hormones of male rats: possible protective trial with aged garlic extract

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO ), a widely produced and consumed pigment in various food products, on the post-natal development of male albino rat seminal vesicle and thyroid hormones, as well as to evaluate the ameliorative effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) on TiO -induced alterations. Forty male rat pups (3 weeks old) were divided into four equal groups. The 1st group received distilled water orally (control group), 2nd group was given 2 ml kg AGE, 3rd group was administered TiO (5 g kg BW) day after day for 65 days, and the 4th group administered AGE 6 hr prior to TiO gavage. TiO -exposed rats showed nonsignificant changes in the serum testosterone, TSH, T and T , while serum glucose showed a significant decrease. Androgen receptor (AR) mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated and weak signal of AR immune labelling. Histopathologically, the epithelium cell lining of seminal vesicles showed focal areas of necrosis and fibrous tissue with the prominent fibrous stroma of the atrophied glands. Meanwhile, AGE supplementation ameliorated the deleterious effects of TiO intoxication through protecting the tissues from oxidative stress caused by TiO . In summary, oral administration of TiO resulted in abnormal developmental events in male rat seminal vesicle and AGE able to reduce TiO toxicity.

Anti-Inflammatory, Immunomodulatory, and Antioxidant Activities of Allicin, Norfloxacin, or Their Combination againstPasteurella multocidaInfection in Male New Zealand Rabbits

“…It is effective against several gram-positive, gram-negative, and acid-fast bacteria [ 9 ]. Moreover, it has antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects [ 10 – 12 ]. Allicin is a major biologically active component of garlic clove extracts with a potent antioxidant activity [ 11 ].…”

Amelioration of sperm fertilizability, thyroid activity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines in rabbit bucks treated with phytogenic extracts

“…Enhancement of the testosterone profile by phytogenic extracts of turmeric and garlic was proven in this study by the pronounced improvement in testosterone synthesis required for spermatogenesis (Walker, 2009) or by increasing levels of gonadotrophins (FSH and LH), which also increased after phytogenic extract supplementation. FSH, LH, and testosterone are necessary for normal male reproductive tract development (Abu Zeid et al., 2017) to increase the semen ejaculate volume, sperm cell concentration, and seminal plasma composition via improvement in the function on accessory sex glands. The observed effects of turmeric and garlic phytogenic extracts in terms of increasing FSH and LH levels may be considered a sign of increased testosterone secretion.…”

“…FSH, LH, and testosterone are necessary for normal male reproductive tract development (Abu Zeid et al, 2017) to increase the semen ejaculate volume, sperm cell concentration, and seminal plasma composition via improvement in the function on accessory sex glands.…”

Adverse Outcome Pathways Associated with the Ingestion of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles—A Systematic Review

“…A study from 2019 [190], focused on the effects of E171 consumption on mice, showed increased germ cell sloughing and inflammatory cells, together with the disruption of the bloodtestis barrier. Abnormal developmental events in male rat seminal vesicles have also been shown [191], and leading to spermatogenesis disturbances [192]. On the other hand, in a study from Hong et al (2016), the exposure of female mice resulted in premature ovarian failure, which was triggered by alterations in hormones and autoimmunity markers [193].…”