Impact of tick salivary gland extracts on cytotoxic activity of mouse natural killer cells

Bartíková, Pavlína; Slovák, Mirko; Štibrániová, Iveta

doi:10.1007/s11756-021-00954-z

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…During the last two decades, several in vitro as well as in vivo studies aimed at revealing the mechanisms of immunomodulation at the tick–virus–host interface have been carried out. In vitro studies have focused on interactions of tick–host innate immune responses and revealed inhibition of the antiviral function of interferon [ 44 ] and suppression of natural killer (NK) cell functions [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ] by tick SGE. Furthermore, I. ricinus saliva was determined to enhance TBEV replication in dendritic cells [ 49 ] and induce Akt pathway activation in TBEV-infected dendritic cells leading to decline in apoptosis and increase in cell viability [ 50 ].…”

Section: Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of the Role of Tick Salivary Glands in Enhancement of Virus Transmission—Beginning of an Exciting Story

2023

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There is increasing evidence that arthropod-borne pathogens exploit saliva of their vectors during the transmission process to vertebrate hosts. Extensive research of the composition of tick saliva and its role in blood-feeding and transmission of pathogens started in the late 1980s and led to a number of discoveries on the composition and function of salivary molecules, some of which are associated with pathogen transmission. The study by Jones et al. published in 1989 can be ranked among the pioneer works in this field as it demonstrated for the first time the role of tick salivary glands in enhancement of transmission of a tick-borne virus. Thogoto virus was used in the model and subsequently similar results were obtained for tick-borne encephalitis virus. After a relatively silent period of almost 20 years, interest in tick–arbovirus–host interactions emerged again in the 2010s. However, no particular salivary molecule(s) enhancing virus transmission has (have) been identified to date. Intensive research in this field will certainly lead to new discoveries with future implications in the control of transmission of dangerous tick-borne viruses.

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Section: Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of the Role of Tick Salivary Glands in Enhancement of Virus Transmission—Beginning of an Exciting Story

2023

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“…The composition of tick saliva was analyzed extensively in many in vitro studies using tick saliva or salivary gland extract (SGE) (9)(10)(11)(12). Tick saliva molecules mediating immunosuppression include the anti-complement molecules Salp20 and Isac (33,34) and have been determined as basic proteins with a molecular weight of 30-36 kDa (35). We obtained SGE from I. ricinus ticks by using a similar technique as described by Kim et al (11).…”

Section: Injection Of Tick Salivary Gland Extracts Mimics Tick Feedin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick feeding modulates the human skin immune landscape to facilitate tick-borne pathogen transmission

Strobl¹,

Muendler²,

Müller³

et al. 2022

Journal of Clinical Investigation

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During cutaneous tick attachment, the feeding cavity becomes a site of transmission for tick salivary compounds and tick-borne pathogens. However, the immunological consequences of tick feeding on human skin remain unclear. Here, we assessed human skin and blood samples upon tick bite and developed a human skin explant model mimicking Ixodes ricinus bite and tick-borne pathogen infection. Following tick attachment, we observed rapidly occurring patterns of immunomodulation including increase in neutrophils and cutaneous B and T cells. T cells up-regulated tissue-residency markers, while lymphocytic cytokine production was impaired.In early stages of Borrelia burgdorferi model infections, we detected strain-specific immune responses and close spatial relationships of macrophages and spirochetes. Pre-incubation of spirochetes with tick salivary gland extracts hampered accumulation of immune cells and increased spirochete loads. Collectively, we showed that tick feeding exerts profound changes on the skin immune network, which interfere with the primary response against tick-borne pathogens.

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New challenges posed by ticks and tick-borne diseases

et al. 2022

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Impact of tick salivary gland extracts on cytotoxic activity of mouse natural killer cells

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Discovery of the Role of Tick Salivary Glands in Enhancement of Virus Transmission—Beginning of an Exciting Story

Discovery of the Role of Tick Salivary Glands in Enhancement of Virus Transmission—Beginning of an Exciting Story

Tick feeding modulates the human skin immune landscape to facilitate tick-borne pathogen transmission

New challenges posed by ticks and tick-borne diseases

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