Impact of the wet spinning parameters on the alpaca‐based polyacrylonitrile composite fibers: Morphology and enhanced mechanical properties study

Abstract

The study examined the effect of different wet spinning parameters (e.g., total solid content, coagulation bath concentration, drawing, and stretching) on the morphology and mechanical properties of the wet spun alpaca/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite fibers. The alpaca/PAN composite fibers were wet spun using 10, 20, and 30% of alpaca particles along with the PAN polymer. The shear‐thinning or non‐Newtonian flow behavior was observed among the dope solutions with different solid content. The cross‐sectional fiber morphology showed the bean‐shaped characteristic for the control PAN fibers, whereas the alpaca/PAN composite fibers exhibited almost circular shape. “Cavity healing” was observed, where noticeable voids and porous areas were demolished in the cross section of the composite fibers, by changing the total solid content and coagulation bath concentration. Although the control PAN fibers exhibited the highest tenacity with lower fiber diameter, the alpaca/PAN composite fibers showed a gradual deterioration in tenacity while adding alpaca particles into the PAN polymeric matrix. Nevertheless, due to the increment in the total solid content, higher draw ratio, and stretching of the fibers, the tenacity, molecular orientation, and the crystallinity of the composite fibers were increased.

Graphene oxide incorporated waste wool/PAN hybrid fibres

“…Nevertheless, at a greater shear rate, the stability of this molecular restoration is delayed and the boundaries between the molecular falling-off caused lower viscosity of the polymeric solution, which ensures the shear-thinning behaviour of the solution 32 . Although all the dope solutions exhibited shear thinning behaviour, it would not adversely affect the wet spinning process of the fibres, as observed before in the case of lignin/PAN and alpaca/PAN dope solutions 26 , 28 . The power-law relationship was utilised to further investigate the shear-thinning tendency and the spinnability of the dope solutions.…”

“…Therefore, a strong internal interaction between the polymeric network prevented the free-flowing movement of the internal chain and increased the dope solution viscosity 29 – 31 . In contrast, it seems that other fillers such as alpaca, lignin, and soy protein weakened the molecular network and reduced the viscosity of the dope solution 10 , 26 , 28 . Similarly, in this work, as the wool was completely dissolved in the alkaline DMSO solution, the protein chain of wool disrupted (as shown by FTIR).…”

“…S5 10 . The single-fibre tester, Favimat + AIRobot2, Textechno, Germany, was used to test the mechanical properties of all of the fibres based on the ASTM C-1557 14 28 . A load cell of 210 cN, a gauge length of 20 mm, and a test speed of 8 mm/min were accepted for performing the tests.…”

Sustainable Lightweight Insulation Materials from Textile-Based Waste for the Automobile Industry

“…In this modern era of environmental awareness, manufacturers and consumers are mainly focusing on the production and consumption of nature-based biodegradable, biocompatible and recyclable products [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. The automobile industry is not exempt from this and seeks to fabricate various automobile parts derived from natural and renewable raw materials rather than traditional synthetic fibres (glass, carbon, aramid fibres etc.)…”

Plant-Based Natural Fibre Reinforced Composites: A Review on Fabrication, Properties and Applications

“…After energy production, which contributes greatly to carbon emissions, the textile and fashion industry is considered the second most polluting industry due to generating huge amounts of wastewater, and tonnes of textile waste that is directly buried in landfills or incinerated [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. In the textile industry, production of fibres plays a major role, where fibres are classified as synthetic or man-made fibres and natural fibres.…”