Impact of the structure and reactivity of nickel particles on the catalytic growth of carbon nanofibers

Toebes, Marjolein L.; Bitter, Johannes H.; Dillen, A.J. van; Jong, Krijn P. de

doi:10.1016/s0920-5861(02)00209-2

Cited by 335 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…in 1 L demineralized water according to an earlier described procedure [12]. The growth and oxidation of CNF was performed as described earlier [13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducibility of Platinum Supported on Nanostructured Carbons

et al. 2009

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The nanostructure of graphite like carbon, i.e. carbon nanofibers (CNF), carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon nanoplatelets (CNP), displayed a significant influence on the reducibility of platinum deposited on these carbons. The onset temperature for reduction increased from 461 K for Pt/CNF to 466 K for Pt/CNP and 487 K for Pt/CNT. The retarded reduction for Pt/CNT was related to the higher amount of acidic oxygen surface groups on this support resulting in a strong stabilization of the cationic platinum species. A higher reduction temperature for that sample increased the amount of metallic platinum, however the platinum particle size was larger (2-11 nm) compared to that of Pt/CNF and Pt/CNP (both 1-3 nm). The orientation of the graphene sheets had a significant influence on the selectivity for cinnamaldehyde hydrogenation: Pt/CNP resulted in a higher selectivity towards cinnamyl alcohol compared to Pt/CNF.

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“…in 1 L demineralized water according to an earlier described procedure [12]. The growth and oxidation of CNF was performed as described earlier [13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducibility of Platinum Supported on Nanostructured Carbons

et al. 2009

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“…The mechanism involves carbon formation on the Ni surface, carbon dissolution into the bulk Ni, and precipitation of graphitic carbon from some facet of the Ni particle after it becomes supersaturated in carbon [5]. Unless sufficient amounts of steam are present along with the hydrocarbon in order to remove carbon from the Ni surface at a rate faster than that of carbon dissolution and precipitation, the anode will be destroyed.…”

Section: Catalytic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced anodes for high-temperature fuel cells

et al. 2004

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Fuel cells will undoubtedly find widespread use in this new millennium in the conversion of chemical to electrical energy, as they offer very high efficiencies and have unique scalability in electricity generation applications. The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is one of the most exciting of these energy technologies; it is an all-ceramic device that operates at temperatures in the range 500-1000ºC. The SOFC offers certain advantages over lower temperature fuel cells, notably its ability to utilise CO as a fuel rather than being poisoned and the availability of high-grade exhaust heat for combined heat and power or combined cycle gas turbine applications. Although cost is clearly the most important barrier to widespread SOFC implementation, perhaps the most important technical barriers currently being addressed relate to the electrodes, particularly the fuel electrode or anode. In terms of mitigating global warming, the ability of the SOFC to utilise commonly available fuels at high efficiency, promises an effective and early reduction in carbon dioxide emissions and hence is one of the lead new technologies to improve the environment. Herein, we discuss recent developments of SOFC fuel electrodes that will enable the better utilisation of readily available fuels. is an all-ceramic device that operates at temperatures in the range 500-1000 o C. The SOFC offers certain advantages over lower temperature fuel cells, notably its ability to utilise CO as a fuel rather than being poisoned and the availability of high-grade exhaust heat for combined heat and power or combined cycle gas turbine applications. Although cost is clearly the most important barrier to widespread SOFC implementation, perhaps the most important technical barriers currently being addressed relate to the electrodes, particularly the fuel electrode or anode. In terms of mitigating global warming, the ability of the SOFC to utilise commonly available fuels at high efficiency, promises an effective and early reduction in carbon dioxide emissions and hence is one of the lead new technologies to improve the environment.Herein, we discuss recent developments of SOFC fuel electrodes that will enable the better utilisation of readily available fuels.

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“…However, SOFC with conventional, Ni-based anodes are unstable in hydrocarbon fuels due to the propensity of Ni to catalyze carbon formation [1][2][3][4]. Indeed, Ni is such an effective catalyst for forming carbon that carbon formation can occur even when carbon is not the thermodynamically preferred, final product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments on anodes for direct fuel utilization in SOFC

Gorte

2004

Solid State Ionics

123

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This paper reviews recent work on SOFC anode fabrication at the University of Pennsylvania. In this work, anode fabrication is based on the preparation of a porous YSZ matrix, into which electronic and catalytic components are added by impregnation of the appropriate metal salts. First, the methods used to prepare porous YSZ are described, along with a description of the structures that are obtained. Next, it is demonstrated that cell performance is strongly affected by the methods used to impregnate and pretreat ceria that is added to the porous YSZ. Third, the role of carbonaceous deposits within the anode is discussed. These deposits can lead to improved electronic conductivity that results in improved performance. Finally, the effect of precious-metal dopants, added to ceria to improve the catalytic properties of the anode, is discussed. Pd, Pt, and Rh are shown to give large increases in the performance of the cells, particularly in CH 4 . KeywordsSolid-oxide fuel cell, Direct utilization, n-Butane, Methane, Cu, Yttria-stabilized zirconia, Ceria AbstractThis paper reviews recent work on SOFC anode fabrication at the University of Pennsylvania. In this work, anode fabrication is based on the preparation of a porous YSZ matrix, into which electronic and catalytic components are added by impregnation of the appropriate metal salts. First, the methods used to prepare porous YSZ are described, along with a description of the structures that are obtained. Next, it is demonstrated that cell performance is strongly affected by the methods used to impregnate and pretreat ceria that is added to the porous YSZ. Third, the role of carbonaceous deposits within the anode is discussed. These deposits can lead to improved electronic conductivity that results in improved performance. Finally, the effect of precious-metal dopants, added to ceria to improve the catalytic properties of the anode, is discussed. Pd, Pt, and Rh are shown to give large increases in the performance of the cells, particularly in CH 4 .

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Impact of the structure and reactivity of nickel particles on the catalytic growth of carbon nanofibers

Cited by 335 publications

References 32 publications

Reducibility of Platinum Supported on Nanostructured Carbons

Reducibility of Platinum Supported on Nanostructured Carbons

Advanced anodes for high-temperature fuel cells

Recent developments on anodes for direct fuel utilization in SOFC

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