Impact of the Serogroup A Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine, MenAfriVac, on Carriage and Herd Immunity

Kristiansen, Paul A.; Diomandé, Fabien; Ba, Absatou Ky; Sanou, Idrissa; Ouédraogo, Abdoul–Salam; Ouédraogo, Rasmata; Sangaré, Lassana; Kandolo, Denis; Aké, Flavien; Saga, Inger Marie; Clark, Thomas A.; Misegades, Lara; Martin, Stacey W.; Thomas, Jennifer D.; Tiendrébéogo, S; Hassan-King, Musa; Djingarey, Mamoudou Harouna; Messonnier, Nancy E.; Préziosi, Marie-Pierre; LaForce, F. Marc; Caugant, Dominique A.

doi:10.1093/cid/cis892

Cited by 186 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Because the development of a new vaccine through to licensure takes many years, this leaves Africa vulnerable to new epidemics of MenX meningitis at a time when the epidemiology of meningococcal meningitis on the continent is changing rapidly (13). Glycoconjugates are among the safest and most efficacious vaccines developed during the last 30 y (46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, as documented for group C, meningococcal conjugate vaccines can reduce carriage of N. meningitidis in the nasopharynx, decreasing transmission (24), whereas PS vaccines have not been shown to provide substantial herd immunity (25). The impact of vaccination with the MenAfriVac conjugate vaccine in Burkina Faso on carriage and herd immunity has been recently reported (13).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Capsule replacement of carried meningococci did not occur following the implementation of serogroup C conjugate vaccines in the United Kingdom (12). However, the conditions in the meningitis belt are very different from those in industrialized nations and a recent study of carriage before and after the introduction of the MenA conjugate vaccine in Burkina Faso found significantly higher levels of MenX carriage following the introduction of the vaccine (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

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Development of a glycoconjugate vaccine to prevent meningitis in Africa caused by meningococcal serogroup X

Micoli

Romano

Tontini

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Neisseria meningitidis is a major cause of bacterial meningitis worldwide, especially in the African meningitis belt, and has a high associated mortality. The meningococcal serogroups A, W, and X have been responsible for epidemics and almost all cases of meningococcal meningitis in the meningitis belt over the past 12 y. Currently no vaccine is available against meningococcal X (MenX). Because the development of a new vaccine through to licensure takes many years, this leaves Africa vulnerable to new epidemics of MenX meningitis at a time when the epidemiology of meningococcal meningitis on the continent is changing rapidly, following the recent introduction of a glycoconjugate vaccine against serogroup A. Here, we report the development of candidate glycoconjugate vaccines against MenX and preclinical data from their use in animal studies. Following optimization of growth conditions of our seed MenX strain for polysaccharide (PS) production, a scalable purification process was developed yielding high amounts of pure MenX PS. Different glycoconjugates were synthesized by coupling MenX oligosaccharides of varying chain length to CRM 197 as carrier protein. Analytical methods were developed for in-process control and determination of purity and consistency of the vaccines. All conjugates induced high anti-MenX PS IgG titers in mice. Antibodies were strongly bactericidal against African MenX isolates. These findings support the further development of glycoconjugate vaccines against MenX and their assessment in clinical trials to produce a vaccine against the one cause of epidemic meningococcal meningitis that currently cannot be prevented by available vaccines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

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Development of a glycoconjugate vaccine to prevent meningitis in Africa caused by meningococcal serogroup X

Micoli

Romano

Tontini

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…As large numbers of samples and data were generated, wellorganized data management processes were required. 34 Careful interpretation of carriage study data is necessary as the carriage situation in a population will be temporally and geographically dynamic and can change rapidly.…”

Section: Conducting Carriage Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vaccine gives direct protection and reduces carriage. 34 The WHO MenA strategy induced herd protection through mass vaccination campaigns, targeting 1e29 year olds. More recently, MenAfriVac Ò MenA conjugate vaccine was introduced into the routine immunization schedule (for infants aged 9e18 months), thus protecting birth cohorts.…”

Section: Menafrivacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningococcal disease in the Middle East and Africa: Findings and updates from the Global Meningococcal Initiative

Borrow

Caugant

Ceyhan

et al. 2017

Journal of Infection

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Incidence of Meningococcal Disease Before and After Implementation of Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine in the United States

et al. 2020

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IMPORTANCEIn 2005, the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended routine quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate (MenACWY) vaccine for all adolescents aged 11 to 12 years, and in 2010, a booster dose for adolescents aged 16 years. Measuring the association between MenACWY vaccination and the incidence of meningococcal disease in adolescents is critical for evaluating the adolescent vaccination program and informing future vaccine policy.OBJECTIVE To describe the association between MenACWY vaccination and the incidence of meningococcal disease in US adolescents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSIn this cohort study, analysis of surveillance data included all confirmed and probable cases of Neisseria meningitidis reported to the

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Impact of the Serogroup A Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine, MenAfriVac, on Carriage and Herd Immunity

Abstract: The disappearance of NmA carriage among both vaccinated and unvaccinated populations is consistent with a vaccine-induced herd immunity effect.

Cited by 186 publications

References 28 publications

Development of a glycoconjugate vaccine to prevent meningitis in Africa caused by meningococcal serogroup X

Development of a glycoconjugate vaccine to prevent meningitis in Africa caused by meningococcal serogroup X

Meningococcal disease in the Middle East and Africa: Findings and updates from the Global Meningococcal Initiative

Incidence of Meningococcal Disease Before and After Implementation of Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine in the United States

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