Impact of the self-directed learning approach and attitude on online learning ineffectiveness: The mediating roles of internet cognitive fatigue and flow state

Abstract

Online learning has become an important learning approach in universities. However, since many students may have been exposed to online learning for the first time during this period of the COVID-19 pandemic, the quality factors of online learning and psychological distress of students need to be considered in the research on their learning. This paper discusses factors that influence the learning effect of university students in the online learning environment. A total of 377 university students participated in the survey. Structural equation modeling was used to verify the research hypotheses. The results show that the self-directed learning (SDL) approach and attitude can negatively predict students' Internet cognitive fatigue (ICF) and positively predict their Flow, whereas perceived learning ineffectiveness can be predicted by Internet cognitive fatigue positively and by Flow state negatively. The results can be a reference for online teachers to enhance students' online SDL attitude, and to discipline their SDL approach so as to promote online learning effectiveness.

An Integrated Framework of Online Learning Effectiveness in Institutions of Higher Learning

“…A recent study suggested that prolonged viewing of video lectures or attending real-time video class meetings may lead to Internet cognitive fatigue that affect learning effectiveness. Moreover, distraction and reduced focus due to independent learning and recurring problems of Internet usage and network may affect student online learning performance (Shao et al, 2022).…”

The Role of Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and Task Technology Fit to Increase Perceived Impact on Learning

“…The utilization of social media and mobile devices in higher education is a recently emerged occurrence that has not been well studied (Ansari & Khan, 2020). Individual motivation is closely linked to the effectiveness of learning, whether it is formal or informal, as self-directed learning serves as the foundation for all types of learning (Shao et al, 2022). Digital technologies have an impact on perceived learning (Alexiou et al, 2022).…”

Development and Evaluation of Nursing Clinical Practice Education Using M-Learning

“…Online learning is one such method, allowing for convenient learning without time and space constraints. It can be regarded as a technique that facilitates self-directed learning by permitting repeated learning based on the learner's proficiency level [51]. Although this study was conducted prior to COVID-19, online learning remains active post-COVID-19, with increasing demand owing to limitations in the clinical environment [51,52].…”