Impact of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram on insulin sensitivity, leptin and basal cortisol secretion in depressed and non-depressed euglycemic women of reproductive age

Kauffman, Robert P.; Castracane, V. Daniel; White, Debie L.; Baldock, Sandra D.; R, Owens

doi:10.1080/09513590500216800

Cited by 42 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In the present study, in line with several studies [Deuschle et al 1996;Moosa et al 2003;Kauffman et al 2005], there was no significant difference in serum leptin levels between the MDD patients and controls. No relation was found between leptin levels and severity of depression, suicidality and recurrence of depressive episodes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Available information about the role of leptin signalling in human depression is limited and controversial. Leptin levels were reported as decreased [Kraus et al 2001;Jow et al 2006, Yang et al 2007, and as unchanged [Deuschle et al 1996;Moosa et al 2003;Kauffman et al 2005], in patients with depression. There are also studies reporting that leptin levels were increased only in women with depression [Antonijevic et al 1998;Rubin et al 2002;Esel et al 2005;Pasco et al 2008].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and leptin levels in patients with a diagnosis of severe major depressive disorder with melancholic features

Kotan¹,

Sarandöl²,

Kırhan³

et al. 2012

Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology

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Abstract:Objective: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and leptin have been hypothesized to be involved in the neurobiology of depression. The aim of this study was to investigate BDNF, VEGF and leptin levels in patients with severe melancholic depression. Methods: A total of 40 drug-free patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) with melancholic features and 40 healthy controls were included in the study. Demographic information, psychiatric evaluation and physical examination were documented for both groups. Serum BDNF, VEGF levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and leptin with radioimmunoassay methods. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale were applied to the patients. Results: There were no significant differences in serum BDNF, VEGF and leptin levels between the patient and control groups. There was a negative correlation between BDNF levels and the number of depressive episodes. It was noted that VEGF levels decreased with increasing severity of depression. Conclusions: These findings suggest that BDNF levels might be associated with the recurrence of depression and VEGF levels might be a determinant of the severity of depression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and leptin levels in patients with a diagnosis of severe major depressive disorder with melancholic features

Kotan¹,

Sarandöl²,

Kırhan³

et al. 2012

Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology

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“…These tend to be in small, highly selected clinical samples of depression; one study reported that insulin sensitivity improved following treatment with antidepressants [21], while another study observed no effect of citalopram on change in insulin sensitivity [22].…”

Section: Intervention Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Association Between Depression and Insulin Resistance: Pitfalls of Secondary Analyses or a Promising New Approach to Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes?

Silva

Atlantis

Ismail

2011

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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We review the validity of the evidence for an association between depression and the risk of insulin resistance (IR). We describe the potentially plausible biological and behavioral mechanisms that explain how depression increases the risk of IR and consequent overt diabetes. We have identified gaps in the literature to guide future research. Evidence for bidirectional associations between depression and IR is inconsistent. Results showing positive associations between depression and IR are derived from cross-sectional studies, whereas negative findings are typically reported in cohort studies. On the other hand, tentative trial evidence suggests that the effective treatment of depression can improve IR, and that lifestyle programs improve IR and reduce depressive symptoms. These emerging themes could lead to potential new multidisciplinary approaches to preventing diabetes.

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“…In some studies, SSRIs cause obesity and hypercholesterolemia, whereas in others, SSRIs have been reported to exert no or even positive metabolic effects (1,38,56). To assess whether the metabolic changes observed in the SSRI-LBW rats could represent a direct drug effect independent of the HPA axis and LBW, a pilot study was performed to determine the effects of ESC in the Cx rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment with an SSRI antidepressant restores hippocampo-hypothalamic corticosteroid feedback and reverses insulin resistance in low-birth-weight rats

Buhl

Jensen

Jessen

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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is associated with type 2 diabetes and depression, which may be related to prenatal stress and insulin resistance as a result of chronic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity. We examined whether treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor [escitalopram (ESC)] could downregulate HPA axis activity and restore insulin sensitivity in LBW rats. After 4 -5 wk of treatment, ESC-exposed LBW (SSRI-LBW) and saline-treated control and LBW rats (Cx and LBW) underwent an oral glucose tolerance test or a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp to assess whole body insulin sensitivity. Hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) mRNA expression and red skeletal muscle PKB Ser 473 phosphorylation were used to assess tissue-specific insulin sensitivity. mRNA expression of the hypothalamic mineralocorticoid receptor was fivefold upregulated in LBW (P Ͻ 0.05 vs. Cx), accompanied by increased corticosterone release during restraint stress and total 24-h urinary excretion (P Ͻ 0.05 vs. Cx), whole body insulin resistance (P Ͻ 0.001 vs. Cx), and impaired insulin suppression of hepatic PEPCK mRNA expression (P Ͻ 0.05 vs. Cx). Additionally, there was a tendency for reduced red muscle PKB Ser 473 phosphorylation. The ESC treatment normalized corticosterone secretion (P Ͻ 0.05 vs. LBW), whole body insulin sensitivity (P Ͻ 0.01) as well as postprandial suppression of hepatic mRNA PEPCK expression (P Ͻ 0.05), and red muscle PKB Ser 473 phosphorylation (P Ͻ 0.01 vs. LBW). We conclude that these data suggest that the insulin resistance and chronic HPA axis hyperactivity in LBW rats can be reversed by treatment with an ESC, which downregulates HPA axis activity, lowers glucocorticoid exposure, and restores insulin sensitivity in LBW rats.selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors STRESS MAY BE INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT of major Western lifestyle disorders such as cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome (53,59,61). Particularly in humans born with low birth weight (LBW) (e.g., birth weight Ͻ2,500 g), stressrelated psychiatric illness and metabolic disturbances seem to coexist, and the prevalence of conditions associated with psychological stress, such as melancholic depression, is increased in subjects born with LBW (35). In addition, these individuals also have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (23, 57, 80) that is potentially due to early development of insulin resistance. Hence, the LBW condition can be considered as both a predepressive and a prediabetic state. However, the exact mechanisms responsible for these changes and whether they are associated are still debated.Recently, impairments in hippocampal structure and function have been proposed to account for some of the phenotypic characteristics of LBW (21,40,63). Hippocampus regulates the overall circadian tonus of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and accordingly, the processes involved in corticosteroid regulation in LBW have been studied extensively. At this point the HPA axis in LBW has been studied at various developmental ...

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Impact of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram on insulin sensitivity, leptin and basal cortisol secretion in depressed and non-depressed euglycemic women of reproductive age

Cited by 42 publications

References 43 publications

Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and leptin levels in patients with a diagnosis of severe major depressive disorder with melancholic features

Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and leptin levels in patients with a diagnosis of severe major depressive disorder with melancholic features

A Review of the Association Between Depression and Insulin Resistance: Pitfalls of Secondary Analyses or a Promising New Approach to Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes?

Treatment with an SSRI antidepressant restores hippocampo-hypothalamic corticosteroid feedback and reverses insulin resistance in low-birth-weight rats

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