Impact of the prefabricated forms of NiTi archwires on orthodontic forces delivered to the mandibular dental arch

Abstract

Background Although preformed archwires with a variety of arch forms are currently commercially available, the effects of variation in the shape of these archwires on the orthodontic force at each tooth are not well understood. Therefore, we evaluated the forces delivered by various types of commercially available preformed nickel–titanium alloy (NiTi) archwires in a simulated mandibular dental arch. Methods Sixty-three types of 0.019 × 0.025-inch preformed NiTi archwires from 15 manufactures were selected for analysis. The intercanine width (ICW) and intermolar width (IMW) of each archwire were measured at the mean canine and first molar depths of 30 untreated subjects with normal occlusions. Each archwire was placed in a multi-sensor measurement system simulating the mandibular dental arch of subjects with normal occlusions, and orthodontic forces in the facial-lingual direction at the central incisors, canines, and first molars were measured. Correlations between the ICW, IMW, and ICW/IMW ratio of archwires and the delivered forces were analyzed. The archwires were classified into the following four groups according to the ICW and IMW: Control group, ICW and IMW are within the means ± standard deviations of the normal ranges; Ovoid group, narrow ICW and IMW; Tapered group, narrow ICW; and Square group, narrow IMW. The forces were compared among these groups for each tooth. Results Significant correlations between the measured archwire width and force to each tooth were found, except between IMW and forces at the central incisors and canines. Significant differences in the forces were found among all groups, except between the Ovoid and Tapered groups at all teeth and between the Ovoid/Tapered and Control groups at the first molar. Significantly greater orthodontic forces in the facial direction were delivered at the central incisors by the archwires in the Ovoid and Tapered groups when compared with the archwires in the other groups. Conclusion These findings suggest that there is a possible risk of a clinically significant level of unfavorable orthodontic force being delivered to the mandibular incisors in labial inclination when using a preformed archwire with an ICW that is narrower than the dental arch.

Orthodontic wires: A 12-year bibliometric study

“…In 2020 and 2021, 32 and 52 articles were published, respectively. The addressed topics were mainly wire properties on comparison of resistance,[ 18 19 ] clinical applications,[ 20 21 ] surface morphology,[ 22 23 ] activated forces,[ 24 25 ] and esthetic wires. [ 26 ] Such interest in properties is also noticed with the increasing number of researches comparing types of retainers (10 articles), three published in 2020 and four in 2021.…”

Keep it simple: correction of anterior cross bite – an ortho-perio interdisciplinary approach

“…11 Several studies have shown that there is a tendency for the inter-canine width to increase even with the use of light round nickel-titanium alloy (NiTi) archwires. 12 Open coil spring application and inerproximal disking were performed to obtain sufficient space for alignment of lateral incisors in maxillary and mandibular arches.…”