Impact of the national prevention policy and scrum law changes on the incidence of rugby-related catastrophic cervical spine injuries in French Rugby Union

Reboursière, Emmanuel; Bohu, Yoann; Retiere, Didier; Sesboüé, Bernard; Pineau, Vincent; Colonna, Jean-Pierre; Hager, Jean-Philippe; Peyrin, Jean‐Michel; Piscione, Julien

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096122

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…7 New scrum rules have been introduced in rugby worldwide, including in South Africa and France based on outcomes of TRI, 7 RugbySmart, 8 and BokSmart. 46 A prospective study in France assessing the impact of this rule change showed a decrease in scrum injuries in forwards, 62 which supports New Zealand's findings of a 35.5% decrease in scrum-related neck injuries following the implementation of RugbySmart. 23 Although reach and adoption rates were not formally assessed, completing RugbySmart and BokSmart is compulsory for rugby coaches in their respective countries, suggesting that the reach of these programs is close to 100%.…”

Section: Multifaceted Prevention Programssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Fifteen of the 33 included studies used multifaceted interventions in an attempt to decrease the incidence of sports-related injuries. 7,8,12,[44][45][46][47][48][49]52,53,62,63,69,71 A multifaceted prevention strategy implemented nationally in South Africa (BokSmart) has decreased catastrophic spinal injuries in junior players. 46 Similarly, evaluation of New Zealand's Tackling Rugby Injury (TRI) strategy showed a 50% decrease in the incidence of injuries.…”

Section: Multifaceted Prevention Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nationwide sports injury prevention strategies: A scoping review

Ross

Donaldson

Poulos

2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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National strategies to prevent sports injuries can potentially improve health outcomes at a population level and reduce medical costs. To date, a compilation of the strategies that countries have attempted, and their effectiveness, does not exist. This scoping review sets out to: identify nationwide attempts at implementing sports injury prevention strategies; examine the impact of these strategies; and map them onto the Translating Research into Injury Prevention Practice (TRIPP) framework. Using Levac's scoping review method, we: (a) identified the research questions, (b) identified relevant studies, (c) identified the study selection criteria, (d) charted the data, and (e) reported the results. A search of MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases for articles published pre-June 2019 was conducted. We identified 1794 studies and included 33 studies (of 24 strategies).

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Section: Multifaceted Prevention Programssupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Multifaceted Prevention Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nationwide sports injury prevention strategies: A scoping review

Ross

Donaldson

Poulos

2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…Of the five intervention types found in more than one study, national injury prevention programme studies [30,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] had the greatest mean MDIC impact score, addressing all RE-AIM MDIC dimensions (▶table 3). Law change studies [51][52][53][54][55][56][57] failed to report information relating to the 'implementation' and 'adoption deliveryagent' of such laws and also had the lowest mean DB score. Of protective equipment studies, 70 % used 'adoption' as an outcome measure.…”

Section: Intervention Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Implementation of Injury Prevention Strategies in Rugby Union and League: A Systematic Review using the RE-AIM Framework

et al. 2020

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Rugby (union and league) has come under intense scrutiny due to its injury risk. Various interventions have been introduced to protect players from injury, with many deemed efficacious and advocated for use across various worldwide contexts. However, their implementation is less clear. The objective of this systematic review was to determine whether injury prevention interventions in rugby have evaluated their ‘reach’, ‘effectiveness’, ‘adoption’, ‘implementation’ and ‘maintenance’ as per the RE-AIM Multi-Dimension Item Checklist. Six electronic databases were searched in November 2019. Inclusion criteria included: English language, peer-reviewed journal article, original research, field-based rugby code, prospective intervention. Of the 4253 studies identified, 74 met the full inclusion criteria. Protective equipment, predominately mouthguards, was the intervention of interest in 44 studies. Other interventions included multimodal national injury prevention programmes, law changes and neuromuscular training programmes. ‘Effectiveness’ was the highest scoring RE-AIM dimension (55%), followed by ‘reach’ (26%). All other RE-AIM dimensions scored below 20%. Research currently focuses on determining intervention ‘effectiveness’. For injury prevention strategies to have their desired impact, there must be a shift to address all determinants associated with implementation. Consideration should be given to how this can be achieved by adopting specific reporting checklists, research frameworks and study designs.

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“… 4 According to an epidemiological study, severe injuries often occurred in the scrum prior to 2000; however, the incidence of these injuries has greatly decreased as a result of rule amendments backed by biomechanical research on player safety. 5–8 Concussions, neck injuries, stingers and shoulder injuries occur most commonly during tackling. 1 9–13 Although many studies have investigated sports safety equipment such as mouthguards, headguards and shoulder pads, the actual effects of this equipment remain controversial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tackler’s head position relative to the ball carrier is highly correlated with head and neck injuries in rugby

et al. 2017

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ObjectivesTo characterise the tackler’s head position during one-on-one tackling in rugby and to determine the incidence of head, neck and shoulder injuries through analysis of game videos, injury records and a questionnaire completed by the tacklers themselves.MethodsWe randomly selected 28 game videos featuring two university teams in competitions held in 2015 and 2016. Tackles were categorised according to tackler’s head position. The ‘pre-contact phase’ was defined; its duration and the number of steps taken by the ball carrier prior to a tackle were evaluated.ResultsIn total, 3970 tackles, including 317 (8.0%) with the tackler’s head incorrectly positioned (ie, in front of the ball carrier) were examined. Thirty-two head, neck or shoulder injuries occurred for an injury incidence of 0.8% (32/3970). The incidence of injury in tackles with incorrect head positioning was 69.4/1000 tackles; the injury incidence with correct head positioning (ie, behind or to one side of the ball carrier) was 2.7/1000 tackles. Concussions, neck injuries, ‘stingers’ and nasal fractures occurred significantly more often during tackles with incorrect head positioning than during tackles with correct head positioning. Significantly fewer steps were taken before tackles with incorrect head positioning that resulted in injury than before tackles that did not result in injury.ConclusionTackling with incorrect head position relative to the ball carrier resulted in a significantly higher incidence of concussions, neck injuries, stingers and nasal fractures than tackling with correct head position. Tackles with shorter duration and distance before contact resulted in more injuries.

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Impact of the national prevention policy and scrum law changes on the incidence of rugby-related catastrophic cervical spine injuries in French Rugby Union

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Nationwide sports injury prevention strategies: A scoping review

Nationwide sports injury prevention strategies: A scoping review

Evaluating the Implementation of Injury Prevention Strategies in Rugby Union and League: A Systematic Review using the RE-AIM Framework

Tackler’s head position relative to the ball carrier is highly correlated with head and neck injuries in rugby

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