Impact of the Microbiome on the Human Genome

Jeyakumar, Thiviya; Beauchemin, Nicole; Gros, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.pt.2019.07.015

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Among these conditions, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension are the most important predisposing conditions for COVID-19 severe disease (28). Changes in the microbiome at times may modulate genetic susceptibility to these diseases in humans and animal models (29).…”

Section: Covid-19 and The Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent data have shown that a major driver of the abovementioned phenomena is the host immune system. The gut microbiome plays a major role in "training" the immune system, and changes in microbiome composition or activity may affect activity of several immune cell types (lymphoid, myeloid) (29). These effects may be mediated in part by direct exposure of developing immune cells in situ in the gut, or by the production of different microbial metabolites that can act in other organs distant from the gut.…”

Section: Covid-19 and The Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

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The hygiene hypothesis, the COVID pandemic, and consequences for the human microbiome

Finlay

Amato

Azad

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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107

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The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to affect the human microbiome in infected and uninfected individuals, having a substantial impact on human health over the long term. This pandemic intersects with a decades-long decline in microbial diversity and ancestral microbes due to hygiene, antibiotics, and urban living (the hygiene hypothesis). High-risk groups succumbing to COVID-19 include those with preexisting conditions, such as diabetes and obesity, which are also associated with microbiome abnormalities. Current pandemic control measures and practices will have broad, uneven, and potentially long-term effects for the human microbiome across the planet, given the implementation of physical separation, extensive hygiene, travel barriers, and other measures that influence overall microbial loss and inability for reinoculation. Although much remains uncertain or unknown about the virus and its consequences, implementing pandemic control practices could significantly affect the microbiome. In this Perspective, we explore many facets of COVID-19−induced societal changes and their possible effects on the microbiome, and discuss current and future challenges regarding the interplay between this pandemic and the microbiome. Recent recognition of the microbiome’s influence on human health makes it critical to consider both how the microbiome, shaped by biosocial processes, affects susceptibility to the coronavirus and, conversely, how COVID-19 disease and prevention measures may affect the microbiome. This knowledge may prove key in prevention and treatment, and long-term biological and social outcomes of this pandemic.

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Section: Covid-19 and The Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Covid-19 and The Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

The hygiene hypothesis, the COVID pandemic, and consequences for the human microbiome

Finlay

Amato

Azad

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

123

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…(d) The intestinal and cutaneous microbiomes of laboratory mice are relatively stable, depending on their diet and other housing conditions. Mice are coprophagic, and an increasing number of studies have documented the important impact of the mucosal surface microflora on myeloid and lymphoid cell development and response to infections, inflammation, and autoimmunity (73,74). (e) Laboratory mice used in immunological studies tend to be young (8-12 weeks of age) and have an adaptive immune repertoire that is largely naive, with fewer memory T and B lymphocytes than adult humans.…”

Section: Natural and Experimental Living Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconciling Mouse and Human Immunology at the Altar of Genetics

Gros

Casanova

2023

Annu. Rev. Immunol.

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Immunity to infection has been extensively studied in humans and mice bearing naturally occurring or experimentally introduced germline mutations. Mouse studies are sometimes neglected by human immunologists, on the basis that mice are not humans and the infections studied are experimental and not natural. Conversely, human studies are sometimes neglected by mouse immunologists, on the basis of the uncontrolled conditions of study and small numbers of patients. However, both sides would agree that the infectious phenotypes of patients with inborn errors of immunity often differ from those of the corresponding mutant mice. Why is that? We argue that this important question is best addressed by revisiting and reinterpreting the findings of both mouse and human studies from a genetic perspective. Greater caution is required for reverse-genetics studies than for forward-genetics studies, but genetic analysis is sufficiently strong to define the studies likely to stand the test of time. Genetically robust mouse and human studies can provide invaluable complementary insights into the mechanisms of immunity to infection common and specific to these two species. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 41 is April 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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