“…Over the years, the comprehensive reviews demonstrated the apparent factors influencing QOL among CRC adult ostomates which could be clustered into four categories: Physical, psychological, social and spiritual domains (Alenezi et al, 2021; Andrade et al, 2016; Chinh et al, 2018; Goldstine et al, 2019; Liao & Qin, 2014; Repic & Ivanovic, 2017; Silva et al, 2020). However, the physical, psychological and social domains repeatedly appear in these study results while the spiritual domain appears less frequently.…”