Impact of the genetic diversity of three cyst nematodes on the effectiveness of root exudates to induce hatching

Abstract

Cyst nematodes are sedentary endoparasites of plants which cause important economic losses worldwide. New nematode control measures are needed since the removal of effective chemical nematicides from the market due to their negative impact on environment and human health.Induced hatching of second-stage juveniles in the absence of host plant using root exudates, also named "suicide hatching", could be a sustainable alternative method to reduce nematode population densities in infested soils. Unfortunately, biocontrol methods are often less effective in agricultural fields than in laboratory or greenhouse and this could be due to, among other reasons, a different susceptibility of nematode populations to root exudate stimulation. Testing this intra-specific variability would help to anticipate any drop in the efficiency of this new biocontrol strategy. A selection of root exudates from different plant species, maximizing the hatching level highlighted in a previous study, was tested on the hatching of representative populations of the genetic diversity for Globodera pallida, Heterodera schachtii and Heterodera carotae. Results showed significant differences between populations for given nematode species but not correlated with the genetic structure. Overall, root exudates tested provide a high level of hatching of these three nematode species. Surprisingly, the root exudate from broccoli induces hatching of European populations of the potato cyst nematode G. pallida.

Advances in Plant–Soil Feedback Driven by Root Exudates in Forest Ecosystems

“…Based on their interaction with plant roots, nematodes can be divided into plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) [225]. Root exudates, serving as C sources and hatching factors, affect the parasitism and hatching of nematodes [226]. Attracted by root exudates, nematodes parasitize different parts of the host plant's roots [227].…”