Impact of the Elderly on Household Health Expenditure in Bihar and Kerala, India

Loutfi, David; Lévesque, Jean‐Frédéric; Mukherjee, Sampad

doi:10.1177/0972063417747696

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…This means that the elderly with poor health use more healthcare compared to those with good health, regardless of their social position. Similar ndings were reported in India and elsewhere (25)(26)(27) that the elderly with chronic diseases and poor health reduced their health status, which, in turn, leads to an increase of HE.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Health, wealth, and medical expenditures among the elderly in rural Tanzania: Experiences from Nzega and Igunga districts

Tungu¹,

Mujinja²,

Amani³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundThe per capita health expenditure (HE) and share of gross domestic product (GDP) spending on elderly healthcare are expected to increase. In many developing countries like Tanzania, there is an increasing gap between health needs and the available resources for elderly healthcare, which leaves the elderly with poor health conditions, especially chronic diseases. These conditions lead to catastrophic HEs for the elderly. ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyse the association among health, wealth, and medical expenditure in rural residents aged 60 years and above in Tanzania. MethodsData were collected through a cross-sectional household survey to rural residents aged 60 years and above living in Nzega and Igunga districts. Standardised World Health Organization (WHO) Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) and European Quality of Life Five Dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaires were used. The quality of life (QoL) was estimated using EQ-5D weights. The wealth index was generated from principal component analysis (PCA). Two linear regression analyses (outpatient/inpatient) were performed to analyse the association among health, wealth, medical expenditure, and socio-demographic variables.ResultsThis study found a negative and statistically significant association between QoL and HE, whereby HE increases with the decrease of QoL. We could not find any significant relationship between HE and social gradients. In addition, age influences HE such that as age increases, the HE for both outpatient and inpatient care also increases.ConclusionThe health system in these districts allocate resources mainly according to needs, and social position is not important. We thus conclude that the system is fair. Health, not wealth, determines the use of medical expenditures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Health, wealth, and medical expenditures among the elderly in rural Tanzania: Experiences from Nzega and Igunga districts

Tungu¹,

Mujinja²,

Amani³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This means that the elderly with poorer health use more healthcare compared to those with good health, regardless of their social position. Similar findings were reported in India and elsewhere [33][34][35] that the elderly with chronic diseases and poor health reduced their health status, which, in return, leads to an increase of HE.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Health, wealth, and medical expenditures among the elderly in rural Tanzania: experiences from Nzega and Igunga districts

Tungu,

Mujinja,

Amani

et al. 2023

BMC Health Serv Res

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Background The per capita health expenditure (HE) and share of gross domestic product (GDP) spending on elderly healthcare are expected to increase. The gap between health needs and available resources for elderly healthcare is widening in many developing countries, like Tanzania, leaving the elderly in poor health. These conditions lead to catastrophic HEs for the elderly. This study aimed to analyse the association between measures of health, wealth, and medical expenditure in rural residents aged 60 years and above in Tanzania. Methods The data of this study were collected through a cross-sectional household survey to residents aged 60 years and above living in Nzega and Igunga districts using a standardised World Health Organization (WHO) Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) and European Quality of Life Five Dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaires. The quality of life (QoL) was estimated using EQ-5D weights. The wealth index was generated from principal component analysis (PCA). The linear regression analyses (outpatient/inpatient) were performed to analyse the association between measures of health, wealth, medical expenditure, and socio-demographic variables. Results This study found a negative and statistically significant association between QoL and HE, whereby HE increases with the decrease of QoL. We could not find any significant relationship between HE and social gradients. In addition, age influences HE such that as age increases, the HE for both outpatient and inpatient care also increases. Conclusion The health system in these districts allocate resources mainly according to needs, and social position is not important. We thus conclude that the elderly of lower socio-economic status (SES) was subjected to similar health expenditure as those of higher socio-economic status. Health, not wealth, determines the use of medical expenditures.

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“…Similarly, households with two or more elderly also showed higher likelihood to CHE than those households with only one elderly. Presence of elderly members in these households may increase the household's health care expenditures (Loutfi et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does remittance protect the household from catastrophic health expenditure in India

Das

Kumar

Khan

2020

IJMHSC

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamic nature of the catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) on remittances receiving households between 2005 and 2012 in India. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted Xu’s (2005) definition of catastrophic health-care expenditure. And also used binary logistic regression to examine the effects of remittances being received on CHE in households across India. The data were drawn from the two rounds of the India Human Development Survey conducted by the University of Maryland, the USA, and the National Council of Applied Economic Research, New Delhi, India. Findings The results show that the percentage of households received remittances, and that the amount of remittances received has substantially increased during 2005 and 2012, though variation is evident by socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the household. Apparently, the variation (percentage of households received remittances) is more pronounced for factors such as household size, number of 60+ elderly, sectors and by regions. Household’s catastrophic health spending and remittances being received show a statistically significant association. Households which received remittances during both the time showed the lowest likelihood (AOR:0.82; p-value < 0.10; 95% CI:0.64–1.03) to experience catastrophic health spending. Originality/value The paper identified the research gap to examine the occurrence of catastrophic health spending by remittances receiving status of the household using a novel panel data set.

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Impact of the Elderly on Household Health Expenditure in Bihar and Kerala, India

Cited by 7 publications

References 62 publications

Health, wealth, and medical expenditures among the elderly in rural Tanzania: Experiences from Nzega and Igunga districts

Health, wealth, and medical expenditures among the elderly in rural Tanzania: Experiences from Nzega and Igunga districts

Health, wealth, and medical expenditures among the elderly in rural Tanzania: experiences from Nzega and Igunga districts

Does remittance protect the household from catastrophic health expenditure in India

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