Impact of the East Asian summer monsoon on long-term variations in the acidity of summer precipitation in Central China

Ge, Baozhu; Wang, Z. F.; Xu, Xiangde; Tang, Jie; He, Yuehui; Uno, Itsushi; Ohara, Toshimasa

doi:10.5194/acp-11-1671-2011

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Nevertheless, in order to improve the knowledge on acid rain and resulting effects in China, a great need still persists for better control of the environmental degradations. Based on the latest 15 years observations (1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006) of the acid rain network, statistics and analysis results showed that the acid rain still dominated in the vast regions south of the Yangtze River, with an obvious expanding tendency of acid rain zones in central and northern China where alkaline dust from the desert areas, cement production, and construction activities largely neutralized the acids in the past (Annual report of CAMS, 2009;Xie et al, 2009;Tang et al, 2010;Ge et al, 2011). More recently, acid deposition rate in Northeast China strongly increased since 2004, especially in Liaoning Province identified as one of the most affected areas (Hong et al, 2009;Yang et al, 2012a;Zhang et al, 2012;The Liaoning Environmental Bulletin Report in 2007: http://www.lnepb.gov.cn/zfxxgk/hjzl/hjzlzkgb/201011/t201 01111_19082.html).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Identification of Acid Rain Arising over Northeast China: Observed Evidence and Model Simulation

Wang

Gbaguidi

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Acid rain has already been the environment issue for the past century and is still concerned in Southern and Eastern China. However, Northeastern China, considered in the past as non-acid rain area, is reported high frequency of acid rain occurred recently. Through a measurement and model simulation analysis with linear regression technique, factor speciation, backward trajectory, source-tracing and fraction sampling methods, this study aims to investigate the causes of the acid rain frequently occurred in the two Northeastern cities (i.e., Dandong and Dalian) and to identify the contributing sources of the chemical ions in precipitation. The annual averaged pH vwa of 2007 ranged within 4.15-4.27 and 4.5-5.15 over Dandong and Dalian, which suggested the similar acidity with Southern China. The precipitation acidity in Dandong was found to be sulfur dominant in winter-spring (nssSO 4 2-/NO 3 -= 13.1) than summer-autumn (nssSO 4 2-/NO 3 -= 1.05), whereas in Dalian, estimated ratio nssSO 4 2-/NO 3 -was about 2.35 all over the year, reflecting the strong impact of local NO x emissions from a much more intense mobile traffic in comparison with Dandong. The findings also revealed a typical physico-chemical condition with constant strong influence of regional transport over Dandong and Dalian particularly in summer. Besides, analysis of washout and rainout mechanisms showed that the long range transport in-cloud (rainout) was more pronounced in Dandong (with minor local emissions) than Dalian (with more significant local emissions). This study indicates that acid rain pollution in Northeastern China requires much effort, not only in local emission abatement, but also in regional trans-boundary pollution control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Identification of Acid Rain Arising over Northeast China: Observed Evidence and Model Simulation

Wang

Gbaguidi

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Tai, and two typical mega cities suffering severe acid rain -Chongqing and Guangzhou -are also marked in the left-hand figure. The topographical map was derived from the Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009Encarta ® © 1993Encarta ® -2008 central China (Larssen et al, 2006;Huang et al, 2008;Wang and Xu, 2009;Xie et al, 2009;Tang et al, 2010;Ge et al, 2011). Beijing is located out of the traditional regions impacted by acid rain in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Five-year record of atmospheric precipitation chemistry in urban Beijing, China

et al. 2012

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Abstract. To investigate the chemical characteristics of precipitation in the polluted urban atmosphere in Beijing and possible mechanisms influencing their variations, a total of 131 event-based precipitation samples were collected from March 2001 to August 2005. The concentrations of major ions in the samples were analyzed by using ion chromatography. Intermediate pH (6.1-7.3) was recorded in approximately two-thirds of the precipitation samples and acidic pH (4.2-5.6) in only 16 % of the samples. However, the precipitation acidity was on the growth track and the process was likely being accelerated. SO 2− 4 , NO − 3 , NH + 4 , and Ca 2+ were the most abundant ions in the precipitations, with their single volume-weighted mean (VWM) concentration all above 100 µeq l −1 . The two major anions and two major cations accounted for more than 80 % of total anionic and cationic mass, respectively. The VWM SO 2− 4 concentration decreased by 13 % compared to that during 1995-1998, much less than the 58 % reduction in the annual average SO 2 concentration from 1998 to 2005 in Beijing. What seems more counterintuitive is that the VWM NO − 3 concentration nearly doubled over the period although the annual average NO 2 concentration decreased by 5 % from 1998 to 2005. These results imply that the conversion of gaseous precursors to acid compounds and/or the regional transport were reinforced over the decade. The average ratio of neutralizing potential to acidifying potential (i.e. NP/AP) was as high as 1.2 but experienced an evident decline trend. This was mainly ascribed to reduced input of NH 4 presented an increasing trend over the study period, suggesting that the contribution of NO − 3 to the precipitation acidity increased in recent years. However, the mean ratio was only 0.37 ± 0.11 in the study period, which is significantly lower than those reported in some metropolitan areas in developed countries. This shows that the precipitation acidity in Beijing was still dominantly from SO 2 while the SO 2 contribution was progressively substituted by NO x .

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“…Also, latitudinal and longitudinal cross sections show a northward shift of the spherical aerosol plume attributable to the summer monsoon. Ge et al (2011) reported that strong East Asian summer monsoon has caused lower acidity of summer precipitation in Central China. As illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Seasonal Variations Of the Vertical Profiles And Horizontal mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Characteristics of Spherical Aerosol Distribution in Eastern Asia: Integrated Analysis Using Ground/Space-Based Lidars and a Chemical Transport Model

Hara

Uno

Shimizu

et al. 2011

SOLA

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Seasonal characteristics of spherical aerosol distributions in eastern Asia were investigated between July 2006 and December 2008 using data from ground-based and space-borne lidar observations and the Community Multi-scale Air Quality Modeling System (CMAQ) chemical transport model simulation. The seasonal variation of spherical aerosol optical thickness (AOT) observed at four ground lidar stations surrounding the East China Sea (Beijing, Guangzhou, Seoul, and Hedo/Okinawa) was generally consistent with CMAQ simulation results. Detailed analyses confirmed clear regional differences in aerosol compositions. Analyses of aerosol vertical profiles revealed that the spherical aerosol variation is greatest in Beijing, with scale height varying between 720 m and 2100 m. The analyses also revealed that the seasonal variation patterns of spherical AOT are classifiable into 'summer peak' and 'summer trough' types. Northern sites (Beijing and Seoul) are of the summer peak type; southern sites (Guangzhou and Okinawa) show the summer trough pattern. Our analyses demonstrated that the Asian summer−winter monsoon system plays a major role in regulating such seasonal variation. The CMAQ simulated variation of spherical aerosols is well correlated to the synoptic scale monsoon variation. IntroductionThe atmosphere over eastern Asia contains airborne particles of different types including mineral dust, sulfates, nitrates, carbonaceous aerosols, and sea salt. Massive quantities of anthropogenic and natural aerosols are emitted every year into the air over this area. In complex ways, these aerosols play important roles in public health and regional and global climate systems. To elucidate the interaction between anthropogenic aerosols and regional climate, detailed examinations must be conducted of horizontal/vertical seasonal distributions of aerosols in this region.This study assesses the variation of 'non-dust (spherical) aerosol particles' in eastern Asia to clarify the anthropogenic contribution to the atmospheric environment. Several international field campaigns have been conducted to date to characterize the microphysical, chemical, and radiative properties of pollutant gases and aerosols in eastern Asia. These campaigns, including ACE−Asia and EAREX 2005(Huebert et al. 2003Ramanathan and Crutzen 2003), have provided useful information related to aerosol chemical and physical characteristics and transport structures through integration of field measurements and model studies. However, these observations were conducted mainly during a single season. For that reason, the seasonality of spherical aerosol distributions in eastern Asia has not been well investigated.Since 2001, the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) in Japan has been constructing a ground-based network of automated dual-wavelength, polarization-sensitive Mie-lidar systems to examine air quality continuously in the Asian region (Shimizu et al. 2004). These long-term observation data from the eastern Asian lidar network have been archived...

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Impact of the East Asian summer monsoon on long-term variations in the acidity of summer precipitation in Central China

Cited by 18 publications

References 49 publications

Source Identification of Acid Rain Arising over Northeast China: Observed Evidence and Model Simulation

Source Identification of Acid Rain Arising over Northeast China: Observed Evidence and Model Simulation

Five-year record of atmospheric precipitation chemistry in urban Beijing, China

Seasonal Characteristics of Spherical Aerosol Distribution in Eastern Asia: Integrated Analysis Using Ground/Space-Based Lidars and a Chemical Transport Model

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