Impact of the diatom-derived polyunsaturated aldehyde 2-trans,4-trans decadienal on the feeding, survivorship and reproductive success of the calanoid copepod Temora stylifera

Abstract

Many diatoms, a major class of unicellular algae contributing to over 45% of oceanic primary production, are known to induce deleterious effects on reproductive processes in crustacean copepods. This is mainly due to the production of teratogenic oxylipins, including polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs). Here we tested the direct effect of the PUA 2E,4E-decadienal (DD) on feeding activity, survivorship and reproductive success of the calanoid copepod Temora stylifera. DD-inoculated cultures induced high mortality at concentrations above 3 μg mL(-1) compared to controls in both males and females, with males having a higher mortality. Low DD concentrations triggered an increase in female filtration and ingestion rates. Egg production rates and hatching times were also higher in the presence of DD, whereas egg hatching success decreased with increasing DD concentration. Our study shows, for the first time, that the presence of diatom PUAs may increase feeding rates in copepods.

Responses of the estuarine copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei to diatom polyunsaturated aldehydes: Reproduction, survival and postembryonic development

“…These results are also in agreement with a recent study by Kâ et al (2014) who reported high mortality above 3.0 mg mL À1 decadienal in the copepod Temora stylifera. Furthermore, these authors noted that males were more sensitive than females to high concentrations of decadienal whereas the present results show the opposite trend.…”

“…Previous studies have reported that exposure of embryos and larvae to PUA can severely impact development, growth and fitness of other copepod species (Miralto et al, 1999;Caldwell et al, 2002;Carotenuto et al, 2002;Ianora et al, 2004Ianora et al, , 2011Vargas et al, 2006;Poulet et al, 2007;Kâ et al, 2014). Decadienal has also been shown to potentially impact other marine organisms (Romano et al, , 2010Caldwell et al, 2005;Tosti et al, 2003).…”

“…Diatom PUA have also been shown to impair copepod egg hatching success (Miralto et al, 1999), with induction of apoptosis in both somatic and gonadal tissues of females (Buttino et al, 2008) and naupliar stages Kâ et al, 2014). Teratogenic impacts (birth defects and hatching of malformed larvae) have also been recorded when females are fed with certain diatom diets (Poulet et al, 1995(Poulet et al, , 2007Uye, 1996;Ianora et al, 2011).…”

“…Vidoudez et al (2011) reported up to 0.1 nM of dissolved PUAs in the Adriatic Sea during a bloom of the PUAs-producing diatom Skeletonema marinoi, and suggested that these compounds can persist long enough in the water to cause effects on plankton. Essentially, copepods are exposed to much higher concentrations than the concentration recorded in the field, considering increased filtration rates of 0.40 AE 0.14 and 0.47 AE 0.04 mL ind À1 h À1 for 2.0 mg mL À1 and 0.5 mg mL À1 decadienal, respectively than those in control (0.19-0.22 mL ind À1 h À1 ) (Ianora et al, 2004;Kâ et al, 2014). They also accumulate toxins in their gonads depending on the duration of the bloom and therefore, the use of higher concentrations of decadienal was justified for the present study.…”

“…1999; Ianora et al, 2004;Taylor et al, 2007;Kâ et al, 2014). Decadienal has been reported to impair embryonic development and survival of polychaete and echinoderm larvae (Caldwell et al, 2005), to induce antimitotic and pro-apoptotic processes in copepods and echinoderm larvae (Ianora et al, 2004), to stimulate or suppress the growth of bacteria (Adolph et al, 2004;Ribalet et al, 2008) and to have allelopathic effects in microalgae (Ribalet et al, 2007a).…”