Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stress and emotional reactions in Israel: A mixed-methods study

Levkovich, Inbar; Shinan-Altman, Shiri

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-30346/v1

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“… 14 , 15 , 24 Optimism and social support may serve as a buffer against the main source of stress and the psychological situation, especially in old age. 13 - 17 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depression and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Elderly Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel: A Cross-sectional Study

Levkovich

Shinan-Altman

Schvartz

et al. 2021

J Prim Care Community Health

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Aim: This study aims to assess how optimism, social support, and perceived susceptibility are associated with depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life among elderly patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 256 participants age 60 through 95 completed the following self-administered questionnaires: Perceived Susceptibility, Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Symptoms of Depression (CES-D) and health-related quality of life (SF-12v2 Health Survey). Data were collected from June to July 2020, 3 months after the COVID-19 state of emergency was declared in Israel. Participants were interviewed by family medicine residents via telephone. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlations, t-tests between groups, regression analyses, and Hayes’ PROCESS to analyze a moderated mediation model. Results: Of the elderly participants, 37.5% were classified as having depression. Optimism, social support and health-related quality of life were positively associated. Higher optimism and social support were related to lower perceived susceptibility and lower depression. Results of a multivariate regression explained 29% of the variance in depression and 19% of the variance in health-related quality of life. The relationships assessed by 4 Process models were significant, such that higher optimism and social support were related to lower perceived susceptibility, which in turn was related to higher depression and lower health-related quality of life. Conclusions: Optimism and social support may be effective in coping with challenges and buffering depression. Perceived susceptibility may mediate the association of optimism and social support with higher depression and lower health-related quality of life. The conclusions of this study underscore the need to treat depression among older adults during this period. Hence, healthcare providers should also support elderly patients living at home. In giving this type of help, healthcare providers should strive to increase social support and optimism among older adults.

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“… 14 , 15 , 24 Optimism and social support may serve as a buffer against the main source of stress and the psychological situation, especially in old age. 13 - 17 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 - 15 In the current study, perceived stressors were conceptualized as perceived susceptibility , as this factor may influence mental and physical health. 16 , 17 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Elderly Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel: A Cross-sectional Study

Levkovich

Shinan-Altman

Schvartz

et al. 2021

J Prim Care Community Health

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“…The behaviour of the general public is important to keep the spread of this deadly virus in check in developing countries. 6 , 46 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like other countries, since the onset of the epidemic, Israel has implemented diverse containment measures, including quarantine. 5 , 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of gender on emotional reactions, perceived susceptibility and perceived knowledge about COVID-19 among the Israeli public

Levkovich

Shinan-Altman

2021

International Health

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Background The current COVID-19 outbreak is seriously affecting the lives and health of people across the globe. While gender remains a key determinant of health, attempts to address the gendered dimensions of health face complex challenges. Methods In a cross-sectional study 482 participants (men=237, women=245) completed questionnaires on precautionary behaviour, perceived knowledge about COVID-19 risk factors, emotional reactions toward COVID-19 and perceived susceptibility. We examined gender differences in perceived knowledge about COVID-19 risk factors, healthy behaviours, threat perceptions and emotional responses, as well as the role of gender as a moderating factor. Results Women reported higher levels of precautionary behaviour (t(475)=3.91, p<0.001) and more negative emotional reactions toward COVID-19 (t(475)=6.07, p<0.001). No gender differences emerged in perceived susceptibility or knowledge about COVID-19. The multiple regression model is significant and explains 30% of the variance in precautionary behaviour, which was found to be higher among women and older participants, those with higher perceived knowledge about COVID-19 risk factors and those with higher emotional reactions. Gender exhibited a significant moderating role in the relationship between perceived knowledge and precautionary behaviour (B=0.16, SE=0.07, β=0.13, p=0.02, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.30). Conclusion Women exhibited higher levels of precautionary behaviour and emotional responses.

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“…Few qualitative studies have been published on the experiences of health care providers and general public during COVID-19 crisis. [ 6 ] None of the published qualitative studies to our knowledge have tried to get insight into experiences of family members of deceased because of COVID-19 infection. Thus, this study also aims to highlight perceptions and experiences of family members of deceased regarding diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 infection in hospital.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial experiences regarding COVID19 mortality in Punjab-A mixed method analysis

Chaudhary

Bansal

Gupta

et al. 2020

J Family Med Prim Care

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Context: The spread of COVID-19 pandemic poses a great challenge to health care organizations and unprecedented need for information. This study aims to identify possible factors causing delay and losing precious time during diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 at home and health facility level. It also aims to highlight perceptions and experiences of family members of deceased regarding diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 infection in hospital. Methods: A retrospective study was done to review COVID-19 deaths from 18 th March to 5 th June 2020 in Punjab, India. A total of 48 laboratory confirmed (RT-PCR) COVID-19 deaths were reported during this period. Socio demographic profile, sequence of events including clinical symptoms, medical aid taken, time of confirmation of diagnosis and treatment before death were noted from the records on a predesigned proforma. Family members of deceased were also interviewed and asked open-ended questions regarding their experiences at various health facilities. Descriptive statistics was presented in percentages, mean, and median. Results: Mean age of subjects was 56.3 ± 18.3 years. Majority (82.2%) had three or more than three comorbidities. Median time from appearance of first symptom to first medical contact and confirmation of diagnosis was 1 and 5 days, respectively. On the basis of interview with deceased's relative, various themes like delay in diagnosis and treatment, dissatisfied with hospital system and lack of communication between relative and patient were generated. Conclusion: Presence of comorbidities was the most important risk factor. Health seeking behavior of patients immediately after appearance of symptoms was found to be satisfactory.

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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stress and emotional reactions in Israel: A mixed-methods study

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

Depression and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Elderly Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel: A Cross-sectional Study

Depression and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Elderly Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel: A Cross-sectional Study

The impact of gender on emotional reactions, perceived susceptibility and perceived knowledge about COVID-19 among the Israeli public

Initial experiences regarding COVID19 mortality in Punjab-A mixed method analysis

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