Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Opioid Overdose Deaths: a Spatiotemporal Analysis

Ghose, Rina; Forati, Amir Masoud; Mantsch, John R.

doi:10.1007/s11524-022-00610-0

Cited by 80 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The rate ratio increases in unintentional injury‒deaths are mostly credited to the disproportionate increase in drug overdoses 19 and a shift in accidents during stay-at-home periods 20 in 2020 among populations of lower SES. The Hispanic community also experienced greater barriers in access to care during the height of the pandemic among those with lower SES, 21 , 22 which may partially explain the increases in mortality disparities observed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality by Education Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic, U.S., 2017–2020

Marlow¹,

Jemal²,

Thomson³

et al. 2023

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality by Education Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic, U.S., 2017–2020

Marlow¹,

Jemal²,

Thomson³

et al. 2023

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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“…For decades, leaders around the globe have tried to address the escalating opioid epidemic. However, since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, opioid abuse and overdose cases have reached record highs and traditional therapeutic models have not abated the exponential growth of opioid use disorders (OUDs). − Treatment for substance use disorders consists of a psychosocial and pharmacotherapeutic compartment, , the latter of which has several FDA-approved drugs for opioid abusemethadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone, and naloxone. These small molecules are problematic due to adverse side-effects, short half-lives, limited availability, high cost, medication adherence complications, therapeutic abuse potential, and relapse to addiction after discontinued use. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Effective Monoclonal Antibody against Heroin and Its Metabolites Reveals Therapies Have Mistargeted 6-Monoacetylmorphine and Morphine over Heroin

et al. 2022

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The opioid epidemic is a global public health crisis that has failed to abate with current pharmaceutical treatments. Moreover, these FDA-approved drugs possess numerous problems such as adverse side effects, short half-lives, abuse potential, and recidivism after discontinued use. An alternative treatment model for opioid use disorders is immunopharmacotherapy, where antibodies are produced to inhibit illicit substances by sequestering the drug in the periphery. Immunopharmacotherapeutics against heroin have engaged both active and passive vaccines targeting heroin’s metabolites, 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-AM) and morphine, since decades of research have stated that heroin’s psychoactive and lethal effects are mainly attributed to these compounds. However, concerted efforts to develop effective immunopharmacotherapies against heroin abuse have faced little clinical advancement, suggesting a need for reassessing drug target selection. To address this issue, four unique monoclonal antibodies were procured with distinct affinity to either heroin, 6-AM, or morphine. Examination of these antibodies through in vitro and in vivo tests revealed monoclonal antibody 11D12 as the optimal therapeutic and provided crucial insights into the key chemical species to target for blunting heroin’s psychoactive and lethal effects. These findings offer clarification into the problematic attempts of therapeutics targeting heroin’s metabolites and provide a path forward for future heroin immunopharmacotherapy development.

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“…The OUD epidemic has been exacerbated by an additional public health crisis in the last two years 23,24 . More patients delayed preventive dental care during the COVID-19 pandemic 25,26 , resulting in a significant increase in patients seeking treatments for dental pain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain management after dental extractions – non-opioid combination analgesics minimize opioid use for acute dental pain

Huang

Rasubala

Gracely

et al. 2022

Preprint

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ObjectiveTo evaluate long-term changes in pain management strategies and assess the outcomes of opioids and non-opioid combination analgesics after dental extractions.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study of patients who received dental extractions and analgesic prescriptions in a large dental urgent care center in two 12-month periods: January 2012 to December 2012 (Year-2012) and March 2021 to February 2022 (Year-2022). Data extracted from electronic records include type of dental extractions, analgesics prescribed, and follow-up visits. The primary outcome was failure rate measured by the proportions of patients who returned to the clinic for management of pain after receiving dental extractions and analgesic prescriptions.ResultsA total of 3,357 patients in Year-2012 and 3,785 patients in Year-2022 received analgesic prescriptions in conjunction with dental extractions. Combination analgesics were significantly higher in Year-2022 (62.5%) than in Year-2012 (34.9%) (RR=1.79, 95% CI 1.70-1.89. p<0.0001). Combinations analgesics were almost exclusively opioids and 1,166 patients, or 34.7%, received opioids in Year-2012, compared to none received opioids, 49.4% received ibuprofen/ acetaminophen and 13.1% received gabapentin combinations in Year-2022. After surgical extractions, a majority were prescribed opioids (52.4%), followed by ibuprofen (46.2%) in Year-2012. In contrast, a majority received ibuprofen/acetaminophen (56.2%) or gabapentin combinations (17.3%) in Year-2022. Ibuprofen/acetaminophen had a failure rate (2.2%) lower than gabapentin combinations (4.4%) (RR=0.50, 95%CI 0.31-0.83. p=0.01), or opioid combinations (21.4%) (RR=0.10, 95%CI 0.08-0.14. p<0.0001). Failure rate for gabapentin combinations was lower than opioids (RR=0.21, 95%CI 0.14-0.31. p<0.0001).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study showed a paradigm shift from opioids and single medication analgesics to non-opioids and combination analgesics with ibuprofen, acetaminophen and gabapentin as components in prescribing for pain after dental extractions, which presents an opportunity to minimize or eliminate our reliance on opioids for dental pain.

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Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Opioid Overdose Deaths: a Spatiotemporal Analysis

Cited by 80 publications

References 36 publications

Mortality by Education Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic, U.S., 2017–2020

Mortality by Education Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic, U.S., 2017–2020

Development of an Effective Monoclonal Antibody against Heroin and Its Metabolites Reveals Therapies Have Mistargeted 6-Monoacetylmorphine and Morphine over Heroin

Pain management after dental extractions – non-opioid combination analgesics minimize opioid use for acute dental pain

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