Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence, seasonal distribution, and characteristics of subacute thyroiditis

Bostan, Hayri; Sencar, Muhammed Erkam; Çalapkulu, Murat; Kayihan, Serdar; Hepşen, Sema; Cimsir, Aykut; Gul, Umran; Ünsal, İlknur Öztürk; Ozcelik, Ozgur; Kızılgül, Muhammed; Uçan, Bekir; Çakal, Erman

doi:10.1007/s12020-022-03197-3

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Using a retrospective analysis, Bostan et al found that the incidence of newly diagnosed SAT was 0.136% in 2018, 0.127% in 2019, 0.157% in 2020, and 0.114% in 2021 ( p = 0.19). They also noted that in their cohort, SAT patients were clustered in the autumn (35.1%) in 2018 and 2019, and that this cluster shifted to the winter (33.0%) in 2020 and 2021, in parallel with COVID-19 case peaks ( 35 ). SAT can occur during acute COVID-19 infection or typically within 6–8 weeks after the viral infection.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Infection and Autoimmune Endocrine Disordersmentioning

confidence: 89%

Endothelial dysfunction in autoimmune, pulmonary, and kidney systems, and exercise tolerance following SARS-CoV-2 infection

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Long COVID is characterized by persistent symptoms beyond 3-months of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that last for at least 2 months and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. Autonomic, immunologic, endothelial, and hypercoagulation are implicated as possible mechanisms of long COVID symptoms. Despite recognition of the public health challenges posed by long COVID, the current understanding of the pathophysiological underpinnings is still evolving. In this narrative review, we explore the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on T cell activation such as autoimmune disorders and endothelial cell dysfunction involving vascular impairments within pulmonary and renal architecture. We have described how endothelial dysfunction and vascular abnormalities may underscore findings of exercise intolerance by way of impaired peripheral oxygen extraction in individuals with long COVID.

show abstract

Section: Sars-cov-2 Infection and Autoimmune Endocrine Disordersmentioning

confidence: 89%

Endothelial dysfunction in autoimmune, pulmonary, and kidney systems, and exercise tolerance following SARS-CoV-2 infection

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When the antigenic content of a vaccine shares structural similarities with autoantigens, immune responses to vaccine antigens could extend to host cells that exhibit similar self-antigens. On the other hand, recent studies investigating the incidence of SAT during COVID-19 found no changes in its incidence [ 26 , 27 ]. These studies drive us to conjecture that COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, when acting alone, do not trigger autoimmune diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, molecular mimicry between thyroid proteins and infectious agents/vaccine antigens might trigger autoimmune responses in genetically susceptible individuals with specific HLA alleles (e.g., HLA-B*35 and HLA-C*04 ) [ 15 , 28 ]. Additionally, not only specific HLA alleles but also other factors (e.g., tissue injury, prolonged inflammatory reaction) may be required to cause autoimmune disease [ 15 , 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HLA typing of patients who developed subacute thyroiditis and Graves’ disease after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a case report

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Cases of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination have been reported. A human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele, HLA-B*35, appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of SAT. Case presentation We conducted HLA typing of one patient with SAT and another with both SAT and Graves’ disease (GD), which developed after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Patient 1, a 58-year-old Japanese man, was inoculated with a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BNT162b2; Pfizer, New York, NY, USA). He developed fever (38 °C), cervical pain, palpitations, and fatigue on day 10 after vaccination. Blood chemistry tests revealed thyrotoxicosis and elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and slightly increased serum antithyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb) levels. Thyroid ultrasonography revealed the characteristic findings of SAT. Patient 2, a 36-year-old Japanese woman, was inoculated twice with a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (mRNA-1273; Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA). She developed fever (37.8 °C) and thyroid gland pain on day 3 after the second vaccination. Blood chemistry tests revealed thyrotoxicosis and elevated serum CRP, TSAb, and antithyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody levels. Fever and thyroid gland pain persisted. Thyroid ultrasonography revealed the characteristic findings of SAT (i.e., slight swelling and a focal hypoechoic area with decreased blood flow). Prednisolone treatment was effective for SAT. However, thyrotoxicosis causing palpitations relapsed thereafter, for which thyroid scintigraphy with 99mtechnetium pertechnetate was conducted, and the patient was diagnosed with GD. Thiamazole treatment was then initiated, which led to improvement in symptoms. Conclusion HLA typing revealed that both patients had the HLA-B*35:01, -C*04:01, and -DPB1*05:01 alleles. Only patient 2 had the HLA-DRB1*11:01 and HLA-DQB1*03:01 alleles. The HLA-B*35:01 and HLA-C*04:01 alleles appeared to be involved in the pathogenesis of SAT after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and the HLA-DRB1*11:01 and HLA-DQB1*03:01 alleles were speculated to be involved in the postvaccination pathogenesis of GD.

show abstract

“…However, the impact of COVID-19 on the prevalence of SAT is still up for discussion. The results of a retrospective singlecenter study conducted in Turkey from 2018 to 2020 found increases in seasonal variation and an increase in the number of men who had SAT but no changes in the prevalence or clinical course of the illness (30). On the contrary, a large cross-sectional study conducted in South Korea revealed that the incidence of SAT was much greater in 2020 than it was from 2017 to 2019, and corticosteroids were prescribed more frequently, but the peak age and sex ratio of onset were no different from previous years (31).…”

Section: General Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging trends and hot spots in subacute thyroiditis research from 2001 to 2022: A bibliometric analysis

Jiang

Liu

2023

Front. Endocrinol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundSubacute thyroiditis (SAT) is the most prevalent self-limiting thyroid disease that causes pain, accounting for about 5% of all clinical thyroid disorders. Numerous clinically noteworthy results have been published in this area over the last 20 years. However, no article has comprehensively assessed the relevant literature yet. We conducted a bibliometric analysis of SAT to provide light on the dynamic nature of scientific advancement and aid researchers in gaining a global perspective while examining research core themes and hotspots.MethodsSAT-related articles and reviews from 2001 to 2022 were retrieved from the Science Citation Index-Expanded of Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). We analyzed current research trends and hotspots in this area using CiteSpace and Vosviewer.ResultsA total of 568 studies associated with SAT research were published in 282 academic journals by 2,473 authors in 900 institutions from 61 countries/regions. The United States was a crucial link in inter-country/region collaboration and was the most frequently involved country in international cooperation. The University of Missouri System was the top organization, and Braley-Mullen H. was the most productive researcher. Thyroid published the most papers, with 36 publications. The most co-cited article was “Clinical features and outcome of subacute thyroiditis in an incidence cohort: Olmsted County, Minnesota, study” (by Fatourechi V., 2003). The clustered network and timeline view of keywords showed that the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of SAT were the research core themes during the past 20 years. Analysis of keyword bursts indicated that the clinical characteristic and the influence of COVID-19 on SAT appeared to be the current research hotspots.ConclusionThis bibliometric analysis conducted a thorough review of the SAT research. The clinical characteristics and the genetic background of SAT under the influence of COVID-19 are current research hotspots. However, there is still a need for further study and global collaboration. Our findings can aid researchers in understanding the current status of SAT research and immediately pinpoint new directions for further investigation.

show abstract

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence, seasonal distribution, and characteristics of subacute thyroiditis

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Endothelial dysfunction in autoimmune, pulmonary, and kidney systems, and exercise tolerance following SARS-CoV-2 infection

Endothelial dysfunction in autoimmune, pulmonary, and kidney systems, and exercise tolerance following SARS-CoV-2 infection

HLA typing of patients who developed subacute thyroiditis and Graves’ disease after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a case report

Emerging trends and hot spots in subacute thyroiditis research from 2001 to 2022: A bibliometric analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About