Impact of the Burden of COVID-19 in Italy: Results of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and Productivity Loss

Nurchis, Mario Cesare; Pascucci, Domenico; Sapienza, Martina; Villani, Leonardo; D’Ambrosio, Floriana; Castrini, Francesco; Specchia, Maria Lucia; Laurenti, Patrizia; Damiani, Gianfranco

doi:10.3390/ijerph17124233

Cited by 123 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

135

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In order to translate DALYs loss pppy into tolerable infection risk, we applied Eqs. (4) , (5) developed by Mara (2008) :

where:DALY loss per case of disease is equal to 2.01 × 10 −3 for SARS-CoV-2, as estimated by Nurchis et al (2020) in an observational study based on data from governmental sources obtained since the inception of the epidemic until 28 April 2020; and disease/infection ratio for SARS-CoV-2 is equal to 0.91, as determined in an epidemiological study ( UFPEL – Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2020a , UFPEL – Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2020b ) that interviewed and tested 89,397 people for COVID-19 in South Brazil.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative microbial risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 for workers in wastewater treatment plants

Zaneti¹,

Girardi

Spilki

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Faecal-oral transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is yet to be validated, but it is a critical issue and additional research is needed to elucidate the risks of the novel coronavirus in sanitation systems. This is the first study that investigates the potential health risks of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage to wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) workers. A quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) is applied for three COVID-19 scenarios (moderate, aggressive and extreme) to study the effects of different stages of the pandemic in terms of percentage of infected population on the probability of infection to WWTP workers. A dose-response model for SARS-CoV-1 (as a surrogate pathogen) is assumed in the QMRA for SARS-CoV-2 using an exponential model with k = 4.1 × 10 2 . Literature data are incorporated to inform assumptions for calculating the viral load, develop the model, and derive a tolerable infection risk. Results reveal that estimates of viral RNA in sewage at the entrance of WWTPs ranged from 4.14 × 10 1 to 5.23 × 10 3 GC·mL −1 (viable virus concentration from 0.04 to 5.23 PFU·mL −1 , respectively). In addition, estimated risks for the aggressive and extreme scenarios (2.6 × 10 −3 and 1.3 × 10 −2 , respectively) were likely to be above the derived tolerable infection risk for SARS-CoV-2 of 5.5 × 10 −4 pppy, thus reinforcing the concern of sewage systems as a possible transmission pathway of SARS-CoV-2. These findings are helpful as an early health warning tool and in prioritizing upcoming risk management strategies, such as Emergency Response Plans (ERPs) for water and sanitation operators during the COVID-19 and future pandemics.

show abstract

“…In order to translate DALYs loss pppy into tolerable infection risk, we applied Eqs. (4) , (5) developed by Mara (2008) :

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative microbial risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 for workers in wastewater treatment plants

Zaneti¹,

Girardi

Spilki

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The world, in a globalized manner, is facing an extraordinary public health emergency in which the nurses are, as always, on the front line. Challenges are even greater in this period of pandemic [ 6 , 7 ], and nurses have the knowledge and aptitudes for providing the care necessary in the different clinical scenarios [ 5 ] that are emerging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences of Nursing Students during the Abrupt Change from Face-to-Face to e-Learning Education during the First Month of Confinement Due to COVID-19 in Spain

Ramos-Morcillo

Costa

García

et al. 2020

IJERPH

281

243

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current state of alarm due to the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the urgent change in the education of nursing students from traditional to distance learning. The objective of this study was to discover the learning experiences and the expectations about the changes in education, in light of the abrupt change from face-to-face to e-learning education, of nursing students enrolled in the Bachelor’s and Master’s degree of two public Spanish universities during the first month of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative study was conducted during the first month of the state of alarm in Spain (from 25 March–20 April 2020). Semi-structured interviews were given to students enrolled in every academic year of the Nursing Degree, and nurses who were enrolled in the Master’s programs at two public universities. A maximum variation sampling was performed, and an inductive thematic analysis was conducted. The study was reported according with COREQ checklist. Thirty-two students aged from 18 to 50 years old participated in the study. The interviews lasted from 17 to 51 min. Six major themes were defined: (1) practicing care; (2) uncertainty; (3) time; (4) teaching methodologies; (5) context of confinement and added difficulties; (6) face-to-face win. The imposition of e-learning sets limitations for older students, those who live in rural areas, with work and family responsibilities and with limited electronic resources. Online education goes beyond a continuation of the face-to-face classes. Work should be done about this for the next academic year as we face an uncertain future in the short-term control of COVID-19.

show abstract

“…As observed in Malta, a spill off of the viral infection is affecting the elderly population. It has been reported that people beyond 70 years contribute to the highest disability adjusted life years (DALYs) out of the total DALYs if infected by COVID-19 [ 58 ]. This needs to be backed by tailored mitigations and restrictions if and as the need arises, while extensively undergoing rigorous testing, contact tracing covering at least 80% of the COVD-19 positive cases contacts and surveillance of the situation [ 55 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Events Trigger Malta's Second Peak After Initial Successful Pandemic Suppression

Cuschieri

Balzan

Gauci³

et al. 2020

J Community Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The second COVID-19 wave is sweeping the globe as restrictions are lifted. Malta, the 'poster child of Europe's COVID-19 first wave success' also fell victim shortly after it welcomed the first tourists on 1st of July 2020. Only four positive cases were reported over the successive 15 days. Stability was disrupted when two major mass events were organized despite various health professional warnings. In a matter of few just days, daily cases rose to two-digit figures, with high community transmission, a drastic rise in active cases, and a rate per hundred thousand in Europe second only to Spain. Frontliners were swamped with swabbing requests while trying to sustain robust case management, contact tracing and follow-up. Indeed, the number of hospitalizations and the need for intensive ventilation increased. Despite the initial cases were among young adults, within weeks a small spill off on the more elderly population was observed. Restrictions were reintroduced including mandatory mask wearing in specific locations and capping of the total number of people in a single gathering. Malta is an island and the potential for containment would have been relatively simple and effective and permitting mass gatherings was unwise. Protecting the health of the population should take centre stage while carrying out extensive testing, contact tracing and surveillance. Containment and mitigation along with public cooperation is the key to curbing resurgences especially with the influenza season around the corner.

show abstract

Impact of the Burden of COVID-19 in Italy: Results of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and Productivity Loss

Cited by 123 publications

References 19 publications

Quantitative microbial risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 for workers in wastewater treatment plants

Quantitative microbial risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 for workers in wastewater treatment plants

Experiences of Nursing Students during the Abrupt Change from Face-to-Face to e-Learning Education during the First Month of Confinement Due to COVID-19 in Spain

Mass Events Trigger Malta's Second Peak After Initial Successful Pandemic Suppression

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About