Impact of the acceleration intensity of a passenger car in a road test on energy consumption

Graba, Mariusz; Mamala, Jarosław; Bieniek, Andrzej; Sroka, Zbigniew

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.120429

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…At the same time, in the work [26] the waveform energy consumption recorded in the tests in the case of the combustion drive system is almost three times higher than the consumption for the electric drive system. These values are comparable with the results obtained by the authors of the research [21,38,39], but here they are referred to the index unit of the unit energy consumption of the car.…”

Section: Research and Analysis Of The Total Unit Energy Consumption Of A Hybrid Carsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The total energy consumption of a car is often presented in (MJ) or per km or per 100 km. This reference is unreliable since it is related to a specific car and specific components of the CARE system, hence in many scientific papers [21,33,34], the total energy intensity of the car is related to the mass and the distance travelled. Such a reference is defined as the total unit energy consumption of a car (9):…”

Section: Total Unit Energy Consumption Of the Carmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, an additional electric energy receiver in a 250 (W) car increases fuel consumption by 0.25 (l/100 km) in the case of combustion engines. The author's work [21] highlights the diversification of a car's energy demand in real traffic conditions resulting from the dynamics of its acceleration. This problem is also described in works [22][23][24][25] concerning increased fuel consumption because of an aggressive driving style.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is predicted that over the next 30 years, the number of new cars produced in the world will increase by nearly 30% [21], which will mean that there will be over 2 billion cars on the roads around the world. The new cars will be equipped with advanced powertrains in a single or hybrid system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of the work is to analyse the total energy consumption of the car and analyse in terms of the total weight of the car and the distance travelled for the PHEV hybrid drive system, which operates in variable traffic conditions in a complex speed profile. Such a reference makes it possible to define the new unit index, as the total unit energy consumption of the car [21]. This makes it possible to estimate the energy needed to drive a car weighing 1 kg over a distance of 1 m for the actual speed profile due to the participation of individual energy-generating components in the CARE system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Total Unit Energy Consumption of a Car with a Hybrid Drive System in Real Operating Conditions

2021

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The market demand for vehicles with reduced energy consumption, as well as increasingly stringent standards limiting CO2 emissions, are the focus of a large number of research works undertaken in the analysis of the energy consumption of cars in real operating conditions. Taking into account the growing share of hybrid drive units on the automotive market, the aim of the article is to analyse the total unit energy consumption of a car operating in real road conditions, equipped with an advanced hybrid drive system of the PHEV (plug-in hybrid electric vehicles) type. In this paper, special attention has been paid to the total unit energy consumption of a car resulting from the cooperation of the two independent power units, internal combustion and electric. The results obtained for the individual drive units were presented in the form of a new unit index of the car, which allows us to compare the consumption of energy obtained from fuel with the use of electricity supported from the car’s batteries, during journeys in real road conditions. The presented research results indicate a several-fold increase in the total unit energy consumption of a car powered by an internal combustion engine compared to an electric car. The values of the total unit energy consumption of the car in real road conditions for the internal combustion drive are within the range 1.25–2.95 (J/(kg · m)) in relation to the electric drive 0.27–1.1 (J/(kg · m)) in terms of instantaneous values. In terms of average values, the appropriate values for only the combustion engine are 1.54 (J/(kg · m)) and for the electric drive only are 0.45 (J/(kg · m)) which results in the internal combustion engine values being 3.4 times higher than the electric values. It is the combustion of fuel that causes the greatest increase in energy supplied from the drive unit to the car’s propulsion system in the TTW (tank to wheels) system. At the same time this component is responsible for energy losses and CO2 emissions to the environment. The results were analysed to identify the differences between the actual life cycle energy consumption of the hybrid powertrain and the WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Test Procedure) homologation cycle.

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Section: Research and Analysis Of The Total Unit Energy Consumption Of A Hybrid Carsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Total Unit Energy Consumption Of the Carmentioning

confidence: 99%