Impact of the 2009 major sudden stratospheric warming on  the composition of the stratosphere

Tao, Mengchu; Konopka, Paul; Ploeger, Felix; Grooß, Jens‐Uwe; Müller, Rolf; Volk, C. M.; Walker, Kaley A.; Riese, Martin

doi:10.5194/acp-15-8695-2015

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…In the current section, as an example, we assume PW 16 with m = 1 is the underlying mode of P 1 for discussing the interactions S2 ± P 1 =

S 2 S_{1}^{\pm}

as SW2 ± PW 16 =

S_{1}^{\pm}

. The existence of stratospheric PWs with m = 1 during the 2009 SSW were reported in meteorological analyses (e.g., Labitzke & Kunze, ; Matthias et al, ; Sassi et al, ) and satellite observations (Manney et al, ; Tao et al, ). Although a PW‐like structure with m = 2 was observed at the late stage of 2009 SSW (e.g., Labitzke & Kunze, ; Manney et al, ), according to our analysis the in situ m = 2 structure does not correspond to the frequency of P 1 or P 2 but P 3 in Figure , as we will discuss in an independent paper.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Application of Manley‐Rowe Relation in Analyzing Nonlinear Interactions Between Planetary Waves and the Solar Semidiurnal Tide During 2009 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Event

Chau

Stober

et al. 2017

JGR Space Physics

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Upper mesospheric winds observed by the Svalbard specular meteor radar (16.01°E,78.16°N) are analyzed to study the tidal variabilities during the 2009 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW). We report a textbook case of nonlinear interactions between planetary waves (PWs) and the SW2 tide (SWm denotes semidiurnal westward propagating tidal mode with zonal wave number m). The Lomb‐Scargle algorithm, bispectrum, wavelet spectra, and Manley‐Rowe relations are combined to explore the frequency match, phase coherence, energy budget, and wave number relations among the interacting waves and their temporal evolution. Our results suggest that (1) 5, 10, 16 day PW normal modes interact with SW2 generating significant sidebands (S2Ss) at frequencies lower and higher than SW2, known as SW1 and SW3 enhancements, respectively; (2) SW2 is the main energy supplier for both SW1 and SW3, hence shrinks in the interactions; (3) whereas the PWs export relatively negligible energy to SW3 but accept energy from SW2 in generating SW1, therefore, the PWs is not subject to the interactions but controlled by external dynamics, which might in turn act as a key in switching on/off the SW1 and SW3 interactions independently; (4) the SW1 enhancement could be explained as a byproduct of the planetary wave amplification by stimulated tidal decay (PASTIDE); (5) PASTIDE contributes energy to the secondary PW in the late SSW stage reported in previous studies; and (6) one SW1 component associated with the 16 day PW is very close to the semidiurnal lunar mode in frequency, which might contaminate the estimation of the lunar tidal amplification in previous studies.

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“…In the current section, as an example, we assume PW 16 with m = 1 is the underlying mode of P 1 for discussing the interactions S2 ± P 1 =

S 2 S_{1}^{\pm}

as SW2 ± PW 16 =

S_{1}^{\pm}

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Application of Manley‐Rowe Relation in Analyzing Nonlinear Interactions Between Planetary Waves and the Solar Semidiurnal Tide During 2009 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Event

Chau

Stober

et al. 2017

JGR Space Physics

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“…To our knowledge, this connection between PJO-SSW events and persistent weak upwelling in the tropics had not been noticed before. It is oftentimes assumed that the BDC is stronger in winters with SSWs (Abalos et al, 2015;Tao et al, 2015). This may be the case close to the SSW onset, but there are anomalies of both signs before and after SSWs and the effect on seasonal estimates of the BDC is not straightforward.…”

Section: Isentropic Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This series of papers also highlighted the intraevent variability in the response of the tracers, particularly when the activation of chemical reactions depends on meeting certain thresholds. Using the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere to study the SSW of January 2009, Tao et al () concluded that mixing across the weakened vortex edge accounted for a large fraction of the ozone changes in the polar stratosphere after the onset of the SSW.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Stratospheric Transport and Mixing During Sudden Stratospheric Warmings

2018

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The extreme disruptions of the wintertime stratospheric circulation during sudden stratospheric warmings (SSW) have large effects on tracer concentrations through alterations in transport. This study analyzes the changes in residual circulation and isentropic mixing associated with SSWs, by performing composites using reanalysis (European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Re‐Analysis Interim) and simulations of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model. The advective Brewer‐Dobson circulation accelerates around 15 days prior to the wind reversal at 60°N, 10 hPa during the onset of SSWs. Soon afterward, it decelerates, leading to reduced advective transport into the vortex and descent over the pole, which persist for more than 2 months below 30 hPa. The isentropic mixing has a distinct signature in altitude: It is enhanced at the central date of the SSW in the midstratosphere (about 10 hPa or 800 K), and this signal is delayed and more persistent at lower altitudes. It is shown that sufficiently deep SSWs (particularly those related to Polar‐night Jet Oscillation events) have a stronger response in the Brewer‐Dobson circulation and mixing. In particular, both the polar downwelling and the tropical upwelling are anomalously weak in the lower stratosphere for 90 days after the onset of Polar‐night Jet Oscillation events. The redistribution of potential vorticity during the life cycle of SSWs is discussed due to its relevance for the stratospheric circulation. It is shown that the diffusive flux of potential vorticity, calculated in equivalent latitude coordinates, remains anomalously high in the lower stratosphere, a feature that is not seen in more conventional advective eddy fluxes across latitude circles.

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“…Mesospheric responses to the SSW are observed as enhancement in planetary wave amplitude, zonal wind reversal, and significant air cooling (Shepherd et al, 2014;Zülicke and Becker, 2013;Stray et al, 2015;Zülicke et al, 2018); substantial depletion of the metal layers (Feng et al, 2017;Gardner, 2018); and mesosphere-to-stratosphere descent of trace species (Manney et al, 2009;Salmi et al, 2011). The SSW events are also accompanied by the rapid descent of the stratopause into the stratosphere at the SSW onset, followed by formation of the elevated stratopause in the lower mesosphere and gradual stratopause lowering toward its typical position in the SSW recovery phase (Manney et al, 2009;Chandran et al, 2011;Salmi et al, 2011;Tomikawa et al, 2012;Limpasuvan et al, 2016;Orsolini et al, 2010Orsolini et al, , 2017. The elevated stratopause events provide evidence for the coupling between the stratosphere and the mesosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter 2018 major sudden stratospheric warming impact on midlatitude mesosphere from microwave radiometer measurements

Wang¹,

Shulga²,

Milinevsky³

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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The impact of a major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in the Arctic in February 2018 on the midlatitude mesosphere is investigated by performing the microwave radiometer measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) and zonal wind above Kharkiv, Ukraine (50.0 • N, 36.3 • E). The mesospheric peculiarities of this SSW event were observed using a recently designed and installed microwave radiometer in eastern Europe for the first time. Data from the ERA-Interim and MERRA-2 reanalyses, as well as the Aura microwave limb sounder measurements, are also used. Microwave observations of the daily CO profiles in January-March 2018 allowed for the retrieval of mesospheric zonal wind at 70-85 km (below the winter mesopause) over the Kharkiv site. Reversal of the mesospheric westerly from about 10 m s −1 to an easterly wind of about −10 m s −1 around 10 February was observed. The local microwave observations at our Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitude site combined with reanalysis data show wide-ranging daily variability in CO, zonal wind, and temperature in the mesosphere and stratosphere during the SSW of 2018. The observed local CO variability can be explained mainly by horizontal air mass redistribution due to planetary wave activity. Replacement of the CO-rich polar vortex air by CO-poor air of the surrounding area led to a significant mesospheric CO decrease over the station during the SSW and fragmentation of the vortex over the station at the SSW start caused enhanced stratospheric CO at about 30 km. The results of microwave measurements of CO and zonal wind in the midlatitude mesosphere at 70-85 km altitudes, which still are not adequately covered by ground-based observations, are useful for improving our understanding of the SSW impacts in this region.

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Impact of the 2009 major sudden stratospheric warming on the composition of the stratosphere

Cited by 38 publications

References 76 publications

Application of Manley‐Rowe Relation in Analyzing Nonlinear Interactions Between Planetary Waves and the Solar Semidiurnal Tide During 2009 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Event

Application of Manley‐Rowe Relation in Analyzing Nonlinear Interactions Between Planetary Waves and the Solar Semidiurnal Tide During 2009 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Event

Changes in Stratospheric Transport and Mixing During Sudden Stratospheric Warmings

Winter 2018 major sudden stratospheric warming impact on midlatitude mesosphere from microwave radiometer measurements

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