Impact of textile dyes on human health and bioremediation of textile industry effluent using microorganisms: current status and future prospects

Abstract

Environmental contamination brought on by the discharge of wastewater from textile industries is a growing concern on a global scale. Textile industries produce a huge quantity of effluents containing a myriad of chemicals, mostly dyes. The discharge of such effluents into the aquatic environment results in pollution that adversely affects aquatic organisms. Synthetic dyes are complex aromatic chemical structures with carcinogenic and mutagenic properties in addition to high biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). This complex aromatic structure resists degradation by conventional techniques. The bioremediation approach is the biological clean-up of toxic contaminants from industrial effluents. Biological treatment methods produce less or no sludge and are cost-effective, efficient, and eco-friendly. Microorganisms, mostly microalgae and bacteria, and, in some instances, fungi, yeast, and enzymes decolorize textile dye compounds into simple, non-toxic chemical compounds. Following a thorough review of the literature, we are persuaded that microalgae and bacteria might be one of the potential decolorizing agents substituting for most other biological organisms in wastewater treatment. This article presents extensive literature information on textile dyes, their classification, the toxicity of dyes, and the bioremediation of toxic textile industry effluent utilizing microalgae and bacteria. Additionally, it combines data on factors influencing textile dye bioremediation, and a few suggestions for future research are proposed.

Effectiveness of Endophytes Bacteria in Enhancing Floating Treatment Wetland to Treat Textile Wastewater

“…Azo dyes are the most common synthetic dyes used in the textile industry because they are easy to get, low-cost, stable, and have a wide range of colors (Saratale et al, 2011;Singh et al, 2014). The presence of dyes in water sources negatively impacts human health, increasing the mutagenic and carcinogenic characteristics in the body, contributing to environmental pollution and disrupting the aquatic ecosystem by reducing dissolved oxygen through sunlight obstruction in water sources (Samsami et al, 2020;Sudarshan et al, 2023).…”

Carbon Nitride Quantum Dot-Based Thin-Film Nanocomposite Membranes for Efficient Dye Removal

“…Industries such as textile, printing, leather, paper, and dyestuff generate vast amounts of wastewater containing organic dyes, most of which have been recognized to be toxic, carcinogenic, or mutagenic to humans. 1,2 Therefore, it is imperative to remove them from dye wastewater. 3 Membrane-based technologies have been extensively applied for water and wastewater treatment due to their superior quality of treated water, high separation efficiency, low energy consumption, and ease of scale-up.…”

“…Industries such as textile, printing, leather, paper, and dyestuff generate vast amounts of wastewater containing organic dyes, most of which have been recognized to be toxic, carcinogenic, or mutagenic to humans. , Therefore, it is imperative to remove them from dye wastewater . Membrane-based technologies have been extensively applied for water and wastewater treatment due to their superior quality of treated water, high separation efficiency, low energy consumption, and ease of scale-up. , Among these technologies, nanofiltration (NF) has proven to be an efficient low-pressure membrane separation process that effectively removes organics dye molecules from aqueous systems. , Today, most commercial NF membranes feature a thin-film composite (TFC) structure that incorporates a polyamide (PA) active layer as selective barriers and a porous substrate for mechanical support.…”

Making a new bromo-containing cellulosic dye with antibacterial properties for use on various fabrics using computational research

“…These dyestuffs have extremely dangerous effects on both the environment and human health, including carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. As a result of increased global awareness of environmental issues and a growing focus on cleaner and greener products and technologies, the demand for sustainable dyestuffs for textile coloring has been progressively expanding over the last few decades 1 – 4 . One of these solutions is the use of natural dyes as an alternative to synthetic dyes.…”