Impact of Temperature, Moisture, and Storage Duration on the Chemical Composition of Switchgrass, Corn Stover, and Sweet Sorghum Bagasse

Athmanathan, Arun; Emery, Isaac; Kuczek, Thomas; Mosier, Nathan S.

doi:10.1007/s12155-014-9563-0

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Lignin content was enriched as a result of aerobic storage, where approximately 30% of dry matter was lost. Lignin content is often proportionally enriched as a result of storage loss due to the biodegradation of cellulose and hemicellulose and the inaccessibility of lignin to microorganisms, and similar results have been reported for aerobically stored corn stover (Athmanathan et al, 2015 ). Not surprisingly, lignin content was not enriched in the field-stored samples due to the low DML that occurred as a result of the anaerobic conditions created after covering.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Compatibility of High-Moisture Storage for Biochemical Conversion of Corn Stover: Storage Performance at Laboratory and Field Scales

Wendt

Murphy

Smith

et al. 2018

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Wet anaerobic storage of corn stover can provide a year-round supply of feedstock to biorefineries meanwhile serving an active management approach to reduce the risks associated with fire loss and microbial degradation. Wet logistics systems employ particle size reduction early in the supply chain through field-chopping which removes the dependency on drying corn stover prior to baling, expands the harvest window, and diminishes the biorefinery size reduction requirements. Over two harvest years, in-field forage chopping was capable of reducing over 60% of the corn stover to a particle size of 6 mm or less. Aerobic and anaerobic storage methods were evaluated for wet corn stover in 100 L laboratory reactors. Of the methods evaluated, traditional ensiling resulted in <6% total solid dry matter loss (DML), about five times less than the aerobic storage process and slightly less than half that of the anaerobic modified-Ritter pile method. To further demonstrate the effectiveness of the anaerobic storage, a field demonstration was completed with 272 dry tonnes of corn stover; DML averaged <5% after 6 months. Assessment of sugar release as a result of dilute acid or dilute alkaline pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis suggested that when anaerobic conditions were maintained in storage, sugar release was either similar to or greater than as-harvested material depending on the pretreatment chemistry used. This study demonstrates that wet logistics systems offer practical benefits for commercial corn stover supply, including particle size reduction during harvest, stability in storage, and compatibility with biochemical conversion of carbohydrates for biofuel production. Evaluation of the operational efficiencies and costs is suggested to quantify the potential benefits of a fully-wet biomass supply system to a commercial biorefinery.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Compatibility of High-Moisture Storage for Biochemical Conversion of Corn Stover: Storage Performance at Laboratory and Field Scales

Wendt

Murphy

Smith

et al. 2018

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…All component concentrations were expressed as percentages on a dry weight basis. By combining the composition data with the masses of biomass loaded for and retrieved following pretreatment a material balance was determined for structural carbohydrates and lignin as previously reported with stover pretreatment and the glucan retrieval calculated as a percentage of the total present. The pretreatment liquid was not analyzed, as the fine suspended solids generated from lignin solubilization were difficult to remove.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the role of particle size on ammonia-based bioprocessing of maize stover

Athmanathan

Trupia

2015

Biotechnol Progress

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The role of particle size in carbohydrate fractionation upon pretreatment and glucan yields upon enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated at two different temperatures, to examine the possibility of pretreating under milder conditions smaller particles, in order to satisfy pilot-scale operational constraints. Maize stover was knife-milled through 1-mm and 0.5-mm screens and pretreated by soaking in aqueous ammonia pretreatment at 60 or 110°C for 6 h. Pretreated solids were analyzed for composition and a material balance calculated for glucan, xylan, and lignin. At 60°C, milling resulted in greater delignification compared to unmilled biomass. Delignification was more uniform at 110°C. Pretreated solids were washed and cellulase hydrolysis carried out at 10% w/w solids loading, with low and high enzyme loadings. Liquid samples were drawn and concentration data developed through HPLC to calculate 48-h glucan and xylan hydrolytic yields. The differences in hydrolytic yield between milled and unmilled treatments were found to vary with pretreatment temperature and enzyme loading. The results show that while particle size impacts carbohydrate recovery and hydrolytic yield, it is less important in bioprocessing than pretreatment temperature and enzyme loading, possibly owing to the particles' morphology rather than the size.

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“…Only enzymes are considered active at a w < 0.60. Athmanathan et al (2015) related water activity to dry matter loss in switchgrass and demonstrated no appreciable loss at a w > 0.85, which corresponded to a moisture content of approximately 16% (wet basis). The relationship between biomass source, chemical composition, free versus bound water, and environmental conditions such as temperature can be used relate moisture content and water activity, and an enhanced understanding of these parameters can be used to positively impact biomass storage stability.…”

Section: Dry Storage Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Bioenergy Storage Systems for Preserving and Improving Feedstock Value

Wendt

Zhao

2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Long-term storage is a necessary unit operation in the biomass feedstock logistics supply chain, enabling biorefineries to run year-round despite daily, monthly, and seasonal variations in feedstock availability. At a minimum, effective storage approaches must preserve biomass. Uncontrolled loss of biomass due to microbial degradation is common when storage conditions are not optimized. This can lead to physical and mechanical challenges with biomass handling, size reduction, preprocessing, and ultimately conversion. This review summarizes the unit operations of dry and wet storage and how they may contribute to preserving or even improving feedstock value for biorefineries.

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Impact of Temperature, Moisture, and Storage Duration on the Chemical Composition of Switchgrass, Corn Stover, and Sweet Sorghum Bagasse

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Compatibility of High-Moisture Storage for Biochemical Conversion of Corn Stover: Storage Performance at Laboratory and Field Scales

Compatibility of High-Moisture Storage for Biochemical Conversion of Corn Stover: Storage Performance at Laboratory and Field Scales

Examining the role of particle size on ammonia-based bioprocessing of maize stover

Review on Bioenergy Storage Systems for Preserving and Improving Feedstock Value

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